Philosophy Vocabulary Essay

Individual:? single separate.? ? Existentialism:? a? philosophical? theory? or? approach? that? emphasizes? the? existence? of? the? individual? person? as? a? free? and? responsible? agent? determining? their? own? development? through? acts? of? the? will.? ? Consequentialism:? the? doctrine? that? the? morality? of? an? action? is? to? be? judged? solely? by? its? consequences.? ? Nihilism:? the? rejection? of? all? religious? and? moral? principles,? often? in? the? belief? that? life? is? meaningless.? ? Absurdity:? the? quality? or? state? of? being? ridiculous? or? wildly? unreasonable.? ? Hedonism:? the? pursuit? of? pleasure sensual? self? indulgence.? ? Objectivism:? the? belief? that? certain? things,? especially? moral? truths,? exist? independently? of? human? knowledge? or? perception? of? them.? ? Individualism:? the? habit? or? principle? of? being? independent? and? self? reliant.? ? Determinism:? the? doctrine? that? all? events,? including? human? action,? are? ultimately? determined? by? causes? external? to? the? will.? Some? philosophers? have? taken? determinism? to? imply? that? individual? human? beings? have? no? free? will? and? cannot? be? held? morally? responsible? for? their? actions.? ? Society:? the? aggregate? of? people? living? together? in? a? more? or? less? ordered? community.? ? Oppression:? prolonged? cruel? or? unjust? treatment? or? control.? ? Altruism:? the? belief? in? or? practice? of? disinterested? and? selfless? concern? for? the? well? being? of? others.? ? Utilitarianism:? the? doctrine? that? actions? are? right? if? they? are? useful? or? for? the? benefit? of? a? majority.? ? Biopower:? is? a? term? coined? by? French? scholar,? historian,? and? social? theorist? Michel? Foucault.? It? relates? to? the? practice? of? modern? nation? states? and? their? regulation? of? their? subjects? through? â€Å"an? explosion? of? numerous? and? diverse? techniques? for? achieving? the? subjugations? of? bodies? and? the? control? of? populations†.? ? Totalitarianism:? state? is? a? concept? used? by? some? political? scientists? in? which? the? state? holds? total? authority? over? the? society? and? seeks? to? control? all? aspects? of? public? and? private? life? wherever? possible.? ? Reciprocity:? the? practice? of? exchanging? things? with? others? for? mutual? benefit,? especially? privileges? granted? by? one? country?or? organization? to? another.? ? Socialism:? a? political? and? economic? theory? of? social? organization? that? advocates? that? the? means? of? production,? distribution,? and? exchange? should? be? owned? or? regulated? by? the? community? as? a? whole.? ? Communism:? a? political? theory? derived? from? Karl? Marx,? advocating? class? war? and? leading? to? a? society? in? which? all? property? is? publicly? owned? and? each? person? works? and? is? paid? according? to? their? abilities? and? needs.? ? Capitalism:? an? economic? and? political? system? in? which? a? country’s? trade? and? industry? are? controlled? by? private? owners? for? profit,? rather? than? by? the? state? ? Neoliberalism:? the? resurgence? of? ideas? associated? with? laissez? faire? economic? liberalism? beginning? in? the? 1970s? and? 1980s,? whose? advocates? support? extensive? economic? liberalization,? free? trade,? and? reductions? in? government? spending? in? order? to? enhance? the? role? of? the? private? sector? in? the? economy.? ? Neoconservatism:? relating? to? or? denoting? a? return? to? a? modified? form? of? a? traditional? viewpoint,? in? particular? a? political? ideology? characterized?  by? an? emphasis? on? free? market? capitalism? and? an? interventionist? foreign? policy.? ? Anthropocentrism:? the? belief? that? human? beings? are? the? central? or? most? significant? species? on? the? planet,? or? the? assessment? of? reality? through? an? exclusively? human? perspective.? ? Utopianism:? an? imagined? place? or? state? of? things? in? which? everything? is? perfect.? The? word? was? first? used? in? the? book? Utopia? (1516)? by? Sir? Thomas? More.? ? Deontology:? the? study? of? the? nature? of? duty? and? obligation.? Ontology:? the? branch? of? metaphysics? dealing?with? the? nature? of? being.? ? Epistemology:? the? theory? of? knowledge,? especially? with? regard? to? its? methods,? validity,? and? scope.? Epistemology? is? the? investigation? of? what? distinguishes? justified? belief? from? opinion.? View as multi-pages TOPICS IN THIS DOCUMENT Epistemology, Philosophy, Truth, Capitalism, Karl Marx, Classical liberalism, Communism, Political philosophy RELATED DOCUMENTS A Closer Look on the Effects of Reading to the Vocabulary Range of Readers and Non-Readers †¦ words. These words are called vocabulary words. Reading helps people improve their word range. Readers tend to search for the meaning of an unfamiliar word which improves their vocabulary. Readers are also able to widen their vocabulary when they use context clues. Readers have different vocabulary range. Most of the people have the impression that a bookworm have a wide range of vocabulary. But, in reality, not all†¦ 580   Words | 7   Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Powerful Ways of Widening Vocabulary †¦ TS: I have learned four simple ways on which we can expand our vocabulary. I. Exercise wide independent reading. A. Through books B. Through magazines C. Through newspapers II. Keep tools for learning vocabularies handy. A. Such as pocket dictionaries B. Such as thesauruses C. Such as vocabulary notebooks III. Create a deep interest in word consciousness and awareness. A. By engaging in word play B. By†¦ 580   Words | 4   Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Difficulties in Teaching Vocabulary †¦ language vocabulary. Two further distinctions in vocabulary are required to complete our model. We need to distinguish between a common core vocabulary known to all the members of a language community and specialized vocabularies, known only to special groups. We are of course primarily interested in the common core vocabulary.

Coronation Street Essay

Coronation Street Discuss how ‘Coronation Street' has contributed to the representation of Brutishness and how Brutish people deal with universal Issues and themes. Coronation Street or ‘Coerce' is an award winning, prime time soap opera, set and produced in Manchester, created by Tony Warren. The show was first broadcast in December of 1960 on TV and is now the longest running and most watched soap opera of British television.Coronation Street introduced Britain to the society of Northwest England; It Is arguable as to how accurate the representation of Brutishness Is within the show In how society deals with universal Issues and themes. The late asses and early asses witnessed the rise of British New Wave, a trend in flimflamming which took up serious social issues and were placed within the contemporary cultural context. Coronation Street follows this pattern portraying the lives and struggles of the working class to its audience whilst offering an escapist break from It.Though ‘Coronation Street' avoids the grittier aspects of social reality In Its early years, It focuses on relatable Issues for Its audience demographic. The Issues of the show are mainly familial in nature presenting challenges, fights and tensions thin the home. Sometimes called kitchen-sink dramas, these storyline offer validity to viewers experiencing the same situations in their own lives. Not everyone can relate to drug abuse, domestic violence, hate crimes and teenage pregnancy however many viewers can relate to family arguments, financial stress, and parental expectations.Tony Warren said that he wanted to write something that â€Å"resembled closely the places where he grew up. † The accents. Clothing and representation of society are reflective of this as they are typical of British life. In ‘Coronation Street' life evolves around the pub or the cafe © and everybody in this close-knit community wishes to know each other's business. The show has been criticized for its inaccurate representation of British life as it does not portray a variety of people from ethnic minorities and the level of crime and tragedy would be far lower in real life.Soaps contain multiple narratives based around a diverse range of characters and their complex Inter-relationships. These narratives are the pleasure which serve to attract audiences; the melodramatic narratives may hinder levels of cultural verisimilitude f the soap however they serve as a form of escapism for the audience. Coronation Street has been chronicling its characters' lives since 1 960, with a mix of social realism, melodrama and humors that has won it millions of regular viewers globally.Over 10 million people watched the soap as Halley Cropper, sick with Incurable pancreatic cancer, took an overdose of drugs and died peacefully In the arms of her husband Roy. Whilst some critics praised the storyline for its sensitive handling of terminal illness and death, others said it risked encouraging suicides as anti- euthanasia group ‘Care Not Killing' said the program was â€Å"in great danger of normalizing an occurrence that is actually very rare indeed. LTV said in a statement that â€Å"Coronation Street regularly features storyline that concern sensitive medical and social Issues and It was recognized that Halley becoming terminally Ill would provided a relevant telephone helpline for its audience, calls for the suicide helpline tripled after the broadcast of Halley death suggestive of the fact that soap opera presents a realistic representation of British life whilst also providing emotional relief and support for its audience.Audiences expect what they see on soap operas to have some connection with their own lives and experiences, or for them to be based on some sort of recognizable reality. This helps the audience to identify and understand the text and its meaning. Coronation Street is noted for its depiction of a down-to-earth working class comm unity combined with light-hearted humor and strong characters. The show is imbued with a definite feeling of community; through its account of everyday British life the soap opera shows a high degree of social realism making it the second most award-winning British soap opera in the I-J.

Family Tradition

Elizabeth Ashleigh Petersen Mrs. Perniciaro English 1101 MW March 15, 2010 Family Tradition I always know it is Thanksgiving morning when I awake to the smell of the turkey roasting in the oven and the cinnamon apple spice tea brewing on the stove. The rest of the morning is spent helpingmy mom and grandmother cooking in our large open kitchen. Every year for as long as I can remember, my grandmother uses my Nana’s recipies when cooking the thick butter garlic mashed potatoes, homemade sweet red cranberry sauce, and the rich creamy dark gravy. On the other hand, my mom and I always cook the french green beans, sausage and bread stuffing, and also our homemade pumpkin pie together. While the women spend most of the early afternoon in the kitchen getting things ready, the men normally gather in the living room and watch sports or play a board game on the coffee table. It is a rule in our house that no man is allowed in the kitchen while we are cooking unless he is coming to help with dishes; otherwise the men eat all the food as it is being prepared. Thanksgiving is a day where my entire family can get together and enjoy excellentfood as well as each other’s company. My father who lives in the beautiful Birmingham, Alabama drives down every year the day before Thanksgiving and stays with us throughout the weekend. He always brings the finest fresh sweet tea and homemade peach cobbler you can find in Alabama which are essential to our Thanksgiving meal. However, my maternal grandparents drive down from Memphis, Tennessee and bring along with them a small present for each of the kids; which include my two brothers, Johnathan and Harrison, and my sister Alise. Even though this is a day for my family to spend time together, we have always welcomed anyone without a place to go or family to be with to spend it with us as well. Some of the past years we have had neighbors join us and also friends of the children. As I’ve already stated, this day is very important and special to me and every member of my family. Although we each lead our own chaoticand busy lives, we will always make time for each other especially for holidays. Thanksgiving in our home promotes a sense of togetherness and thankfulness, while also incorporating homemade food. We have specific recipies and certain important family traditions that have been passed down from one generation to the next and so on. Even though we do some of the same things each Thanksgiving, I cannot help but feel excitement for every year thereafter.

Outline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Outline - Essay Example This statement to a great extent brings out the basic idea of the service learning and also highlights the basic foundation of service learning. Hence this will be the attention getting statement of the speech. The main aim of the research is to identify companies in the local area of Denver Colorado which support service learning. The research will focus on the companies that support and implement service learning. The statement for preview will be the explanation by Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction: â€Å"Service-learning is a teaching and learning methodology which fosters civic responsibility and applies classroom learning through meaningful service to the community. The strongest service-learning experiences occur when the service is meaningfully immersed in ongoing learning and is a natural part of the curriculum that extends into the community† (Public Instruction). The main reason this has been chosen is that it provides an excellent foundation and explanation of the concept of service learning. In conclusion, it is essential to note that there are a number of companies that adopt and support service learning to a great extent. It is also essential to understand that service learning helps in better interaction with others and also helps in spreading the knowledge in a more effective manner. Denver, Colorado has in fact become a hub of service learning and more companies each day adapt service learning or also support it. The success rate of service learning within this area is high and effective. Thank you, now my friend XXXXXX will continue with the

SPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SPORT - Essay Example Scoring high grades is the widely known measure of a student’s success, while there are several activities in school that scholars engage in (Ripley, 2014). Institutions of higher learning forever compete to produce excellent students that are marketable in the job industry. Sport is among the extra curriculum activities that scholar take part while in school besides academics, even other children are enrolled in gaming clubs away from school. Research documents that sport is essential as a form of relaxation to a scholar, a way from books or as a physical exercise. Sports on the other hand, offer a platform for continuous learning and overall growth. Sports do not interfere with a student academic performance and thus parents should be enforcers in their children choice of extra curriculum activities? The main mission of an education center is to train scholars on various subjects such as Math, English among others. Moreover, most institutions of higher learning are equipped with facilities to promote the process of knowledge acquisition. Amanda Ripley suggests that, the world smartest countries support 100% learning activities only yet some students still perform poorly. Inclusion of a sport program has never caused harm to any student and their academic performance instead; games are best in breaking the monotony of the class-teaching set-up. The realization of the importance of extra curriculum activities by the school managers is necessary for scholars stand to reap benefits as well as the institution. Trophies and prizes won during sports competitions aren’t individualized by scholars instead displayed at the school’s reception bring pride, prestige and fame to the institution. Sponsoring sports in line with the school’s mission offers an ample environme nt for both academic and extra curriculum performance. Scholars are able to grow all round with valuable principles such teamwork, discipline and

Companies Monitoring Employees Computer Usage Essay

Companies Monitoring Employees Computer Usage - Essay Example ncidences of employees misusing company time surfing the internet, action plans have been introduced in many organizations to help identify employees involved in such activities. For instance, some sniffers on computer usage can show all the key strokes a person has made on a company computer. This can act as the basis for firing employees found to have a habit of misusing company time surfing the internet. Other than reasons pertaining to productivity, there are also other reasons why organizations monitor and control internet usage. A good example includes legal liabilities that may arise due to misuse of technology (Anandarajan and Simmers 144). For instance, an employee may use the company internet to download and distribute pornographic materials. If such materials falls into the wrong hands, the company could be sued for casualness. Sending pornographic materials to colleagues in the workplace could also be considered sexual molestation and the company could also be liable if necessary steps are not taken to address the problem (Anandarajan and Simmers 144). In a nutshell, monitoring and controlling internet usage in the workplace increase productivity and minimizes the likelihood of paying for legal

Managing Diversity Legal Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing Diversity Legal - Case Study Example 4). In her case, Mr. Chuck and Dell can be involved as witnesses. AHRC resolves the complaints through the process of conciliation. â€Å"This is where the people involved in a complaint talk through the issues with the help of someone impartial and settle the matter on their own terms† (Australian Human Rights Commission, n.d.). The possible outcomes that Mel may expect from lodging the complaint include an apology from Mr. Con Tenshus, compensation for the lost wages, reinstatement to the job, and changes in the organizational policies. Relevant legislation and case law According to Section 7 of the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 that talks about discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, this Act applies on the discriminator if he discriminates against the aggrieved person on the basis of her pregnancy if the less favourable treatment of the aggrieved person is unreasonable under the given circumstances (comlaw.gov.au, n.d.). This Act also applies when the discriminator discrim inates against the aggrieved person because of her pregnancy by requiring her to comply with such a condition or requirement that is complied with a substantially higher proportion of people that are not pregnant, or that is unreasonable considering the case’s circumstances, or with which the aggrieved person cannot comply. One condition of the application of the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 is for the organization to have more than 6 employees (Lawlink, 2002). Since the tiny office in Broadmeadow employed 8 people at the time when Mel worked there, the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 applies on it. There are a number of shortcomings in the use and effectiveness of the Sex Discrimination Act 1984; the focus of the Act on the complaints lodged by the victims of discrimination does not help in the resolution of the systemic discrimination. The complainants have inadequate support of adequacy. There are limitations in the rights of the regulatory agencies involved in providing the pr egnant women with equal opportunity and that are responsible for the elimination of sex discrimination, that are encountered while initiating the claims and investigations of the systemic discrimination. The regulatory tools required to resolve the issues are insufficient and thus cannot provide much assistance to the organizations in the elimination of discrimination. Furthermore, the process of lodging the complaint and its advancement is time-consuming, costly, as well as overly legalistic. The enforcement provisions of the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 are insufficient with respect to the regulation’s terms as well as the extent of punitive damages imposed on the discriminator, especially in comparison to consumer protection legislation or the health and safety legislation. Strengths and Weaknesses of Mel’s Case One strength of Mel’s case is that her duty was frequently changed from doing the creditors work to doing the debtors work, although she was originall y hired to do the creditors work. Another strength of her case is that Mel informed Mr. Tenshus of her pregnancy as soon as she learnt that she was pregnant. Yet another strength of her case is that no minutes of meeting were made in either of the two meetings that she had with Mr. Tenshus, although those meetings are mentioned in Mr. Tenshus’

Job Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Job - Assignment Example The advertising sales agents perform several tasks in their job description. First, the advertising agents should prepare and deliver sales presentation to new and existing customers about the company’s products and services. Secondly, liaise with the company officials, sales departmental heads, and the advertising agencies to develop the promotional plans. Third, to identify new advertising markets and propose products that will suit the customers and in turn generate revenue to the company. The advertising agents attend sales meeting, trade shows and training seminars in order to gather information, promote the company products and services, expand network of contacts and increase knowledge due to exposure (United States Department of Labor, 2014). The agents also organize the commercial tapping sessions together with coordinating bidding and contract approval. In addition, the advertising sales agents determine the best advertising method to use and prepare sample advertisements to present to target customers using the proposed medium of advertising. Other tasks include providing clients with the estimates of the cost of the products and services, maintaining assigned account basis explaining to customers how specific types of advertising will help promote their products and services in the most effective way possible. The sales agents need a lot of confidence since not everyone will listen to them and so they have to learn to be strong when facing rejection (United States Department of Labor, 2014). For this job, a high school diploma is usually sufficient. However, some employers prefer the applicants to possess a bachelor’s degree as an added advantage together with excellent communication skills and a two or three years’ experience. Previous work related knowledge and skills increase the opportunity of an applicant or serves as an added advantage. Before embarking on the job, many employees need some few months of training

To What Extent Is Scientific Management an Appropriate Way to Manage Essay

To What Extent Is Scientific Management an Appropriate Way to Manage In the 21st Century - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the evolution of management has been termed as a continuous process that changes and adapts according to the need for the scenario. Schaltegger and Burritt observed that managerial theories and concepts have been developed by scholars mainly by observing the nature of work being conducted and managed at an operational level in the companies. However, Levin observed that most of the theories were developed with a single focus on improving employee management and resource utilization process of the firms. Cash et al. stated that Taylor’s theory of scientific management was among the first managerial concepts to widen the scope of management approach for the business houses and also develop a national focus on the aspect of efficiency. The theory of scientific management was praised and criticised for its principles and policies by the contemporary researchers of management. Considering the contemporary scenario of management practic es, it can be stated that with the changes in the market and customer response, organizations have also initiated numerous alterations in their operational practices. One of the most crucial aspects of the business management processes, as stated by Waddell, is the power enjoyed by the workforce of the firms which was almost ignorable during the time of scientific management. Carrying forward these arguments and statements, the essay will focus on evaluating the validity of the scientific management process in the contemporary scenario. According to Schaltegger and Burritt, scientific management primarily focuses on the aspect of discipline for developing better employee management processes. The features of the scientific management can be assessed by evaluating the principles and guidelines of the managerial processes. Although many changes have taken place in the aspect of business management processes, discipline has always remained one of the core variables. The first feature o f the scientific management system can be thus reflected as the systematic approach which allows managers to control their workforce and direct them in the desired manner. This systematic approach is designed by observing the behavioral pattern of the employees and the needs of the organization. Managing the employees in a controlled atmosphere helps the company to achieve employee loyalty.

Chapter Six Reading Response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter Six Reading Response - Assignment Example For instance, the bronze figure of Siva figure represented the Hindu god in a dance pose as a symbol of ritualistic devotion of the Hindu. It is quite fascinating to learn how people had diverse ways of religious devotion. Secondly, the Amber Necklaces of Eastern Asia were a symbol of good luck, happiness and as a charm against evil. The good associated with it is quite fascinating. The two works of art that I responded to most negatively were The Bayeux Tapestry and the Stc-Foy Reliquary. Though they are useful representations of the religious transformation and influence of the 10th century in Europe, they period was marked by several Christian-Muslim wars. The one monument I would want to know more about is the statues of Moai Ancestors figures found in Polynesia Island. I equate their significance to the pyramids of Egypt which has images of their early rulers. I would imagine how the rulers must have looked like. The monumentality of the statues exhibits some respect and

Super Size Me critique Essay Example for Free

Super Size Me critique Essay â€Å"Everything’s bigger in America the biggest people, America has become the fattest nation in the world nearly 100 million Americans are overweight or obese.† Melvin Spurlock announces in his opening scene of the documentary Super Size Me. (youtube.com) Morgan Spurlock’s documentary focuses on the premise that Americans are addicted to fast food, and this is proven by the excess amount of fast food restaurants present in the US, especially by McDonalds in New York City. His goal was to eat fast food three times a day at McDonald’s for thirty days. And during these thirty days his only rule is that he only drinks and eats food from McDonald’s restaurant. He had to eat everything on the menu at least once. During that time, McDonald’s promoted â€Å"Supersize† your meal for a couple cents. Spurlock would only â€Å"Supersize† his meal if the cashier asked him. Spurlock was curious about what where the effects to the body if one ate McDonalds for thirty days and the recommended three meals a day. His rule was to try everything at least once, ranging from Big Mac’s to yogurt parfaits, salads, and fish filets. Spurlock uses extreme measures in order to make his argument. Eating at a restaurant should not be unhealthy; however, it has become an epidemic in our culture to eat food that is processed, injected with hormones, and cheap which is the main ingredient used at fast food restaurants. Before he took the challenge he was in very good shape, according to three doctors he visited, including a registered dietician. According to the Body Mass Index (BMI), the standard system used by doctors in the US to determine a person’s health, Spurlock ranked as â€Å"normal† and not obese and unhealthy. â€Å"Normal† of course depends on your body and height it is not always what BMI specifies, but nevertheless, it is the common standard. Before the challenge, Spurlock ate the recommended 2500 calories and more than the average (80 grams a day). According to his doctor, his saturated fat is supposed to be less than 25 grams a day. In addition to seeing his doctors he also saw a specialist, an exercise physiologist to be exact and assessed his cardiovascular health only to give him the good news that his heart was in good shape. At only 11% body fat, he is in above average fitness for his age group, but nothing to be alarmed about. More than 60% of Americans do not exercise regularly, only walking 2000 steps a day or an equivalent to a mile a day. However, this is not the average for certain cities, in New York the average New Yorker walks approximately four to five miles a day. As a New Yorker, Morgan walks that average and during his walks he passes three McDonald’s restaurants on his way to work on a regular basis. He resides in Manhattan, New York, in which 83 McDonald’s restaurants also reside. According to Morgan, there are more McDonald’s in that island than anywhere else in the world. Manhattan is an island which is 13 miles long, two miles wide, and 22.4 square miles, there are nearly four McDonald’s restaurants per square mile. (vivavegie.org) That number is extremely high and ranks as the most saturated with fast food in the world. During the documentary, his girlfriend, who is a vegan chef and eats organic and fresh vegetables daily, calls his food genetically modified. She compares McDonald’s food to hockey pucks. His first day began with an Egg McMuffin value meal which includes an egg muffin with ham, hash brown, and a choice of coffee or milk. Morgan discovers that McDonald’s restaurant also delivers for free, only solidifying his argument about fast food, the power of advertising, and convenience in the United States. He walked 1272 steps to the first restaurant from his apartment. In order to walk his average 2000 steps a day challenge he is forced to take a cab in order to stay under the national average. As a side note, this is not the average for other countries both the amount one walks and the type of food that is served in McDonald’s. Morgan talked to tourists from other countries, such as a woman from France to use as his comparison in the documentary on how people view fast food and demonstrate how McDonald’s operates in these countries. While he interviewed the woman from France, she said our small size soft drink is an equivalent to a large soft drink in France, and she added, that she cannot finish the small size soda. â€Å"McDonald’s in the U.S. accounts for 43% of the entire fast food market. They’re everywhere, even in hospitals.† Morgan interviewed a lawyer, Samuel Hersh, who represented two women who were suing McDonald’s, and says in terms of being the big guns McDonald’s is the worst corporation to sue. How can one go after the happy meals, the Playplace areas for parties and children, and the â€Å"family atmosphere.† Their main advertising targets children. They make them avid consumers of fast food. At the end of the thirty days, Spurlock gained 18 pounds, and during that time he suffered from depression. During his three visits to his doctor, he complained about constant headaches, and even mood swings, something he never experienced before in a frequent manner. In addition to these pains, he experienced acute chest palpitations. After the thirty days, Spurlock visited his doctor for the final diagnosis only to find out that he tested for liver failure. The doctor recommended him to stop his project or else he would die. He made the comparison to an alcoholic binge drinking for thirty days. Food should not be equivalent to a person suffering from alcoholism. Food should be considered to be wholesome and healthy, today it is filled with chemicals that hurt our bodies. Other companies that are known for these tactics are tobacco companies they use â€Å"brand implanting† from a young age to make believe that they are â€Å"healthy.† One of the most well-known â€Å"brand-implanting† tactics was to sell gum cigarettes to children from the ice cream man. The theory behind this â€Å"brand-implanting,† is not to realize you are bombarded with advertising that says and implants statements like â€Å"it is cool to smoke,† â€Å"it is sexy to smoke,† and â€Å"you are a man if you smoke†. The theory specifies that when you are a child you will not realize the tobacco companies are targeting you in a capitalist society. The child only sees the gum cigarette that when you inhale it simulates real cigarettes, it is cool and â€Å"adult like†. Of course the parents are burdened with having to pay the price both from a young and mature age. The parents only think it is a â€Å"toy†, but in reality they are being programmed to smoke when they are the legal age. The feelings the young adult will feel when smoking real cigarettes is that experience the warm feeling of getting the toy and being with mom and dad. McDonald’s aggressively advertises this way, and gets kids to buy their food as adults by â€Å"brand implanting† them with a clown (Ronald McDonald), giving them toys in Happy Meals, etc. The most disappointing statistic is that one out of three children born in 2000 will develop diabetes in their lifetime, and about one out of twenty people today have diabetes, according to Spurlock. (cdc.gov) This documentary demonstrated, in an extreme manner that eating fast food is unhealthy but it also looked at the effects of aggressive advertising. Supersize came out in 2004, and it still resonates in 2013. To the point that the First Lady of the United States of America, Michelle Obama, has taken an approach to decrease diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity among young children in her â€Å"Get Up and Move† campaign. Unhealthy eating is a serious problem and Americans are leading in the polls. We have to recognize that fast food does not equate to healthy eating. We are so caught up in our way of life that we do not make time to eat healthy and exercise, and McDonald’s figured this out with their million dollar advertising accounts. Spurlock’s points were extreme, yet poignant about where we stand in our fight with food, and overall advertising. Works Cited Diabetes. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 01 Aug. 2011. Web. 08 Oct. 2013. . Spurlock, Morgan. Super Size Me. YouTube. YouTube, 29 July 2013. Web. 08 Oct. 2013. . Fast Food Facts from the Super Size Me Web Site. Fast Food Facts from the Super Size Me Web Site. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2013. .

College Scholarship Essay Example for Free

College Scholarship Essay Hi, my name is Stacey Burrell and I currently attending Boston Arts Academy as a Junior theatre major. I believe its never too early to start looking at colleges and scholarships. My schools of interest include Juilliard, Colombia, and Dartmouth. I am not the first in my family to go to college but I am apart of the first generation. My parents are from Jamaica and never fully completed their education. Ive always had to make the most of financial aid and luck. My parents are definitely not rich but weve always found ways to pay for what we need. My sister just enrolled at Cornell University almost entirely through financial aid and merit based scholarships. I feel as though I deserve this scholarship because my grades definitely reflect how important education is to me. I plan to major in Theatre Arts and minor in Education. See more: how to write a winning scholarship essay Theatre has always been a huge part of my life. My goal for the future is to teach youth how.important theatre is. It can tell stories that help people connect to one another. I also deserve this scholarship to prove to myself that I can actually achieve my dreams. I always set the bar high for myself as you can see in my choice of colleges; its always hard having an older sibling.and being compared to them all the time. This scholarship will just be one step closer to my dream of going to college and following in my sisters footsteps. This essay might not stand out to you because I know there are people out there with sickness and disease. Im in good health and I have a supportive family. All I have to prove that I deserve this scholarship are my grades and my determination to go to college.

Trifles By Susan Glaspell | Analysis

Trifles By Susan Glaspell | Analysis The play Trifles by Susan Glaspell is one of the shortest plays that I have read. It is also one of the least dramatic and extremely difficult to interpret plays. To understand the significance in this play the viewer or reader should have a better understanding of the cultural context in which this play was written. To do this it is beneficial to know what events were happening in the authors, Glaspell, life at the time she wrote this, the role of women in everyday life back then, and how the suppression of women males affected their social recognition now and then. The play Trifles was written in 1916 (McMahan, 1099). In the early 1900s, up until 1920, the womens suffrage movement was still working to guarantee all women in the United States equal civilian privileges beside men. Susan Glaspell wrote many of her plays on the social issues of feminism, socialism, Darwinism, and legal reform (Beatty, unpaginated). Along with her husband they, founded the Provincetown Players, a theater group committed to transforming American theaterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ into an artistic medium in which serious social issues could be treated realistically (Beatty, unpaginated).This is important to understanding the play because it brings up the important theme of the play of male dominance over the women. Trifles shows the audience first hand a case in where male dominance and ignorance of the womens observations actually hinders their abilities to solve the case of the murdered husband, Mr. Wright. To get a further insight into how she was able to portray such a realistic incident, it is important to know that this play was written based on a real incident that she, as a reported, covered. As a reporter for the Des Moines Daily News, she was assigned to cover the murder story of Mr. Hossack. The kitchen at the crime scene of the Hossack farmhouse played a huge role in the depiction of the kitchen in Trifles (Midnight Assassin, unpaginated). She was not an investigator, just like women in the play, but solely an observer, just like the women as well. She viewed the world and the crime scene the same way that women in the play did. Unlike the men, who were looking for large key pieces of evidence, the women noticed small, seemingly unimportant, out of place kitchen items and connected that with the emotions and feelings of the deceased husbands wife, Mrs. Wright. After the women notice a view of these minor clues, Mr. Hale says to one of the other men, , well, women are used to w orrying over trifles (McMahan, 1093). This line is the basis for the entire play. Trifles not only refers to the out of place items but also the women themselves. By them worrying about such miniscule occurrences they are, as the men see, not capable of doing a mans business. This leads into the next aspect of the play which is male dominance and ignorance. When this play was written it was the womans job in society to be around the house to raise the children, mend cloths, cook dinner, clean the houseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc. They were not able to get jobs or live out on their own. In the husbands eyes they did not have significant roles in society, only in the house. Many men at this time did not show the appreciation, love, attention, and affection that most women should always be shown. Their role was to be the head of the house and provide their family with the necessities to live, nothing more. Glaspell does an excellent job of showing this by describing the kitchen setting in the play. The men overlook details about the house and Mrs. Wright that women notice almost immediately. As Jenny Cromie put it, They notice Minnies desolate, isolated existence, her broken furniture, the run-down kitchen where she had to cook, and the ragged cloth-ing she was to we ar because of her husbands mi-serly insensitivity. (Jury, 277) These clues, which could ultimately decide the guilt or innocence of Mrs. Wright, are completely overlooked as dumb or unintelligent, solely because the women found them. Also, at a point in the play Mrs. Hale describes Mr. Wright as, Yes-good; he didnt drink, and kept his word as well as most, I guess, and paid his debts. But he was a hard man, Mrs. Peters. Just to pass the time of day with him. Like a raw wind that gets to the bone (McMahan, 1097). She acknowledges that he was a decent man but, by the more she looks into the life of Mrs. Wright, she notices that he was not a decent husband, as were many of the men at that time. Greg Beatty found an important part of the play in which male dominance is showed at its finest. Glaspell shows their dominance, not by words or actions but, through dramatic devices. The play follows, strictly, the outline for a tragedy. However, Glaspell leaves out the closing of the curtain to show a different or a switch of scene in the play. Instead, this brought about through the absence of the men. Beatty stats, Each time the men leave, the women exchange private information; each time they enter, the men force or prevent crucial decisions. (Beatty, unpaginated) This suppression of information was not fully by the choice of the women. Even if they did speak up and tell them about the so called evidence that they had found, the fact that they were women trying to do a mans job, would hinder the ability for the men to take them serious in their findings. The men would not be able to see how the trifles could be linked to the murder because that is not the way that they think. Beatty also made a connection between the names that the women and the men had in the play. The last names of men were befitting for them because of their position in society. Mr. Hale is hale and hearty, and, Mr. Peters, whose name means rock, is a sheriff, or a foundation of society (Beatty, unpaginated). These titles are relevant to the women because that is the only name they are referred to by throughout entirety the play. They are referred to by society through the legal connection of their husbands and not by the independence of their first names. Even though they are individuals that take care of the house and family, they do not have enough freedom from their husbands to be called anything but their husbands names. Mrs. Peters admits her duty to her husband and the law when she says, But, Mrs. Hale, the law is the law (McMahan, 1095). Here she clearly states that she is loyal to her husband and the laws. Also the County Attorney says, a sheriffs wife is married to the law (M cMahan, 1099). Contradicting what she had say earlier she agrees with him even though she is hiding key pieces of evidence from the law. She has chosen to break her obligation to her husband and law in order to stick up for her fellow woman. Sticking along the arguments of being legally bound, Bailey McDaniel claims that Mrs. Wright would not have had the right to a proper jury in todays terms. It would have more than likely consisted of just men. Bailey says, A certain irony underscoring the legislated inequality toward women is established before the play even begins (McDaniel, unpaginated). The women in the play and the people in the audience at the time knew this little fact. Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters did not share the trifles with the other men because they were rebelling against the social norms. They knew she was guilty but had compassion for her after Mrs. Hale tells her story of when she was a child. She said, When I was a girlmy kittenthere was a boy took a hatchet, and before my eyesand before I could get there. If they hadnt held me back I would havehurt him (McMahan, 1098). Here she states that she would have hurt the boy because he killed her cat. Mr. Wright not only killed his wifes bird, but also her., me taphorically. Beatty compares the similarities of the two by saying, The bird symbolizes Mrs. Wright, a beautiful creature who loved to sing. When her husband killed to, it was as if she had been killed, and she killed him in turn. Mrs. Wright had to put up with all of her husbands troubles but he would not put up with hers. She was lonely and only had him for company. When she got the bird she was finally a little happier. However, Mr. Wright did not like that so he killed her bird. McDaniel says that back then though, women did not have as many, if any, options after they were married. If they got married and were unhappy they were stuck and did not have the option for a divorce like current women do (McDaniel, Unpaginated). For this reason of unhappiness they are willing to show compassion for Mrs. Wright. Even though the 19th amendment gives women the same rights as men and dissuades for the domination of men over women, it is still a large part in our society today. In 2001, the film Legally Blonde came out to theaters. This movie gives a modern twist on the inequality, and the dominance and ignorance of men that was found in the play Trifles. Elle, the main character, has a hard time in her job because of her gender, a woman. She is not given the same opportunities that men of her same career are given. She, however, just like the women in the play, can see the littlest Trifles in a crime scene and solve the case. The men push her off but she is persistent in proving her evidence. The women in the play had all of the right evidence but due to society at their time could not, and would not, release it to the sheriff. Kelly Marsh describes this situation perfectly in her article Dead Husbands and Other Girls Stuff: The Trifles in Legally Blonde when she says that Trifles is about, the destructive potential of the objectification and devaluation of women by men (Marsh, 201). This problem has still not been resolved and is, in many eyes, still a very large problem in todays societies. The only difference is women have more resources and more social support to get help this devaluation occurs to them not only in the house but also in the career fields. To sum this everything up, Trifles is not just a play, but a tool. A tool used to convey, to every person that watches, the suppression and hardships that some women had and still have to go through because of devaluation in a male dominance oriented society. When reading the play it is short, unelaborated, and un-dramatic. But by now knowing the actual murder story that this play was based off of, by knowing a little more about the personality and the early life of Susan Glaspell (the author) and finally understanding the strong male domination in this play, back then, and now, it makes the play that much clearer.

Richard the Third as a Hero or a Villain :: Papers Richard III

A hero is a man who is distinguished by exceptional courage, nobility and strength to carry out tasks that are involving great risks. A hero can also be a person who fights for other people to help or save them from their fears. He opposes the villain- a person who does wicked or evil intentionally to harm others in some way, emotionally or physically. A character that is placed to do badly. He is always opposing the hero to overthrow the hero’s qualities to gain power from the other side to help him or his side. Villain: Richard is seen as a villain in some aspects because he kills anyone who stands in his way. Richard talks about a pretext for his villainy by pointing out his physical deformity. â€Å"Why, I in this weak piping time of peace. Have no delight to pass away the time unless to spy my shadow in the sun and descant on mine own deformity. And therefore since I cannot prove a lover to entertain these fair well-spoken days, I am determined to prove a villain and hate the idle pleasures of these days.† He says that since he was not made to be a lover, he has no use for peace, and will willingly destroy peace with his crimes. This contributes to a very villainous role. Richard begins his movement for the throne. He manipulates Lady Anne, into marrying him, even though she knows that he murdered her first husband. He has his own older brother, Clarence, executed, and shifts the burden of guilt onto his sick older brother King Edward. He is eager to get the throne and he kills an enormous amount of people to get there: King Edward. Court noblemen, Lord Hastings, kinsmen of Edward, Queen Elizabeth, the two young princes and Queen Anne. These people were killed because he needed to get the throne for his greed. Only a villain would commit these crimes for his greed. Richard is disloyal by betrayal of close family, friends and relatives.

What is the role of the river in The adventures of Huckleberry Finn? :: essays research papers fc

What is the role of the river in The adventures of Huckleberry Finn? The Mississippi river seems to control the form of the story. In Mark Twain’s The adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck’s adventure is affected by the river in three parts; These parts are before the river, on the river and after the river. Huck’s adventure is steered by the river to show that, in any story, the beginning and end are undefined.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before the river, Huck and all of his friends are introduced, and he is in civilization, which Huck despises. Eventually, Huck his to escape. Huck eventually gets to the river, when his real adventure begins. Huck meets Jim on the island where he is hiding for the time being. This is when the river seems to start to influence them. They both decide to go on the raft, and travel down the river, unknowing of what could happen. T.S. Eliot says â€Å"What we call its headwaters is only a selection from among the innumerable sources which flow together to compose it† (154.) This beginning of the story starts in the middle, which reflects the river; One does not see the beginning of the river, only all of its sources moving together. Huck’s story is just like this. The story also develops and progresses while on the river.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Huck and Jim continue on the river as it guides them and forms the story. The river â€Å"cannot tolerate any design, to a story which is its story, that might interfere with its nce. Things must merely happen, here and there, to the people who live along its shores or commit themselves to its current† (154). The river surely seems to do this in Huck’s adventure, casting them into unsuspected adventures, introducing them to odd new people. Huck and Jim also come across problems that they need to figure out on the fly, problems that seemingly come from nowhere. The river also seems a sanctuary to Huck and Jim. These things are undefined especially because they seem random, or unpredictable. Of course, the river has these paths that it steers Huck and Jim on, and they accept them and go with the flow, no pun intended. Huck and Jim also finish the story with something that doesn’t seem to end their story- merely a continuation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A continuation, like the river always displays because â€Å"at the end it merely disappears among its deltas: it is no longer there, but it is still where it was, hundreds of miles to the North† (154).

Author-function :: Reading Literature Essays

Author-function In the second chapter of his book The Order of Books, Roger Chartier deconstructs the way that past and present readers think of authors of texts. He uses Foucault’s term â€Å"author-function,† which Foucault used in his famous essay â€Å"What is an Author?,† to describe this concept. â€Å"Author-function† is an elusive term. In essence, it refers to the way that a reader’s concept of the "author" functions in his reading of a text. His interpretation of a text is shaped by his understanding of its author. Without any concept of who the author of a text is, it is easy to develop many different interpretations of that text. However, in light of an author’s gender, ethnicity, time period, political leanings, or other applicable known information, the text often leans toward one plausible interpretation. For example, a reader’s interpretation of Invisible Man is greatly colored by her knowledge of its author Ralph Ellison as a black man fighting racial discrimination. Her interpretation of the same novel would be quite different if the author was really a white person with a history of racist action. Modern readers rely heavily on their knowledge of a text’s author, often without realizing it, to shape their interpretations of that text. Necessary to a more complete understanding of the concept of author-function is an understanding of the social function of authors through the ages which Chartier lays out in â€Å"Figures of the Author.† Chartier agrees with Foucault, an influential literary theorist who claims that the author-function changed in the 19th century when copyright laws were established. With these new laws, â€Å"a system of ownership came into being . . . strict rules concerning author’s rights, author-publisher relations, rights of reproduction, and related matters were enacted† (qtd. in Chartier 30). In other words, with copyright laws, the author was seen as the source of information and was given credit (and money) for that information. Chartier agrees that author-function did change with these changing ideas of information as property, but he claims that the idea of the author-function is older and broader. According to Chartier, there is evidence that the author served a functional role in the reading of texts in Medieval Europe (31, 59). Foucault acknowledges that in the Middle Ages, anonymous authorship of â€Å"literary† texts was common, while the veracity of scientific texts was judged by the authority of the text’s author (31).

A Summary of Marketing Myopia Essay

Abstract This document summarizes the work of Theodore Levitt in his work published in The Harvard Business Review titled â€Å"Marketing Myopia.† Levitt’s work details the reasons growth industries are actually not that at all, and how organizations fail across the globe in regards to marketing. In addition, the document will correlate Levitt’s work in 1960 to contemporary marketing. Keyword: Theodore Levitt, marketing myopia, contemporary marketing A Summary of Marketing Myopia Marketing Myopia by Theodore Levitt was published by Harvard Business Review in the summer of 1960. According to Levitt (1960), all industries are growth industries and the failure of industries is not because of marketing saturation, but because of management. Levitt uses the oil industry, automobile industry, transportation industry, and electronics industry to support that notion. In addition, Levitt details how population has no effect on business success. Lastly, Levitt summaries what is necessary to avoid the marketing myopia syndrome from an overview. Levitt opens his work by point out that failure is at the top. In a more specific response, failure of the organization rest on the top executives who are responsible for broad aims and policies (Levitt, 1960). To support his idea, Levitt utilized the railroad and Hollywood movie companies as examples. Levitt explains the railroad did not fail because passenger and freight transportation declined, but because the railroad failed to supply the customers’ need (Levitt, 1960). Levitt continues with Hollywood explaining that they did not fail because TV shows; they failed because management classified them as the â€Å"movie† business instead of the â€Å"entertainment† business (Levitt, 1960). Levitt continues to support his notion by indicating what saved Hollywood. Levitt explains, it was not a  resurgence of customers to the movie industry, but in fact was a surge of young new writers. Levitt continues the explanation of Marketing Myopia by ruling out the population myth. According to Levitt (1960), the idea that profits are assured by and expanding and more affluent population is dear to every industry. However; Levitt continues by indicating that this â€Å"myth† is undergoing a fundamental yet typical change (Levitt, 1960). The population myth attempts to explain that if large quantities of people need the product then product development to replace the current item is not necessary. According to Levitt (1960), the petroleum industry’s efforts have focused on improving the efficiency of getting and making its product, not really on improving the generic product or its marketing. Therefore, the petroleum industry owes its continued success to other product developments. In order to avoid â€Å"marketing myopia† companies must make four steps. To begin they must adapt to the requirements of the market, and the faster the better. Second, the company must employ a vigorous leader whose vision and drive set the pace for the company. Third, the entire organization must be customer creating and customer satisfying organizations. Lastly, the company must think of itself as buying customers. Contemporary marketing focuses on the needs of the buyer versus the seller. Levitt’s work with Marketing Myopia relates directly to that point. Businesses are no longer able to sit back and enjoy continued market growth. They must focus on the buyers needs and at the same time take necessary steps to make its own products obsolete. Furthermore, business must focus on what industry they place their product, as with the railroad being in the â€Å"railroad† business rather than the â€Å"transportation† business. In conclusion, Theodore Levitt published Marketing Myopia in the 1960 edition of the Harvard Business Review. The article explains how companies fall to the extinction list in relatively short time periods or are revived by other companies whose product relies on theirs. Levitt explains the four steps companies must take to ensure they do not catch the myopic views. References Levitt, T. (1960). Marketing Myopia. Harvard Business Review, 138-149.

Human Resource Is the Most Important Assest in an Organization Essay

Human resources are the set of individuals who makes up the workforce of an organization, business sector or an economy. This resource resides in the skill, knowledge and motivation of people and under the right condition it improves in age and experience which no other resources can do. It is therefore considered the most productive resources that can create the longest advantages for an organization. For an organization to sustain and grow they do not only rely on advanced technology, good marketing strategy and other factors etc. In fact, they have to rely on their employee performance, contribution and image. As in most organization, they are mainly human orientated. Thus, without their support and contribution to the business operation, the organization daily business operation will not be functioning well. Christina. P (2009) mentioned that organizational psychology holds that successful organizations do not owe their success solely to market realities and sustainable competitive advantages. Actually, there is a lot more. Successful companies are those that consider their human capital as their most important asset. Facts and figures are the quantitative elements of successful management, yet the qualitative, i.e. the cognitive aspects, are those that actually make or break an organization Here are a few factors that explain how human resource can contribute to an organization to help them meet their future goals and expectations. Firstly, having strategic human resource planning. It is a process that identifies current and future human resources needs for an organization to achieve its goals. Reilly (2003) define human resource planning as: ‘A process in which an organization attempts to estimate the demand for labour and evaluate the size, nature and sources of supply which will be required to meet the demand.’ Without human resource planning, an organization may not be ready and well prepared for the future challenges ahead. Secondly, by having a positive working environment. In order to allow employees to contribute to the organization it is important to create a positive environment for the employees so as to ensure the smooth running of business of an organization. For instance, encouraging employee to go for lunch break on time, taking short breaks in between during working hours if there is too much stress, minimal overtime work. Such work practice will actually motivates employees to contributes more to the organization as they are not overwork or over stress. As mentioned by David.I (2009), â€Å"work environment, employee satisfaction and employee turnover are three distinct concepts that are inseparably linked; workplace environments greatly influence employee satisfaction, which in turn directly affects employee turnover rates. Knowing how to use a positive work environment to increase employee satisfaction and reduce turnover is a key to developing a high-performance workforce.† Thirdly, continuous learning within an organization. It is important for an organization to promote and send their employees of different level to attend workshops and courses. This is to allow employees to have an opportunity to learn new skills and to continue to upgrade themselves regardless of their age. Without the right knowledge or skill in a certain organization, employees may not be able to contribute to the organization more effectively. As mentioned by Robert J.V (2006), â€Å"a learning organization embraces a culture of lifelong learning, enabling all employees to continually acquire and share knowledge. Improvements in product or service quality do not stop when proper training is provided to the employees. Employees need to have the financial, time and content resources available to increase their knowledge.â€Å" Lastly, by having attractive benefits and compensation. Pay and benefits are the most important incentives that organization can offer to employees in exchange for a more productivity and quality contribution to the organization. Employees should also be rewarded when they have accomplished a big assignment for their hard work and efforts to the organization as this attractive benefits and compensation will also help booze the employee morale. At the same time, they will feel appreciated by the organization where they may contribute more to the organization in future. If employees are not satisfied with the level of compensation or benefit, they may not be motivated to work and the level of standard for quality and productivity will definitely be low. As mentioned by Rebecca. L (2012),† when your workers feel you’re looking out for them, they’ll look out for you, too, by producing higher quality work and staying in their jobs longer. Providing good benefits packages—which might include retirement, health care or dental plans—is a tangible way to show employees that you value them and their quality of life. Sure, the rising cost of benefits has made offering an attractive package more difficult for small businesses, but there are still ways to offer competitive packages to recruit and retain the best workers while staying within your budget.† In conclusion, â€Å"Human Resource† is the most important asset of an organization as it plays an important role in every aspect .It is the backbone of an organization, without human resource the organization will not be able to function well and may not succeed in the future challenges.

Muslim Stereotypes in the Media Essay

The media over exaggerates their representation of the Muslim population portraying them as violent terrorists and a threat to most nations/countries. Stereotypes abound in any and every form of media we can listen to, read, or watch today. Stereotypes create recognition in people and stir emotions – from anger to fear, or even empathy. News reports on religion generally use outrageous stereotypes of the population of the particular religion. This is evident in the representation of Muslims whenever they pop-up in news stories. Our views and opinions are often shaped by the media – the news, TV shows, movies, magazines and newspapers. Many people take the views depicted in these and claim them as their own without thinking or researching it more. Cultural Theorist Stuart Hall states that the messages in media, â€Å"intersect with the deep semantic codes of a culture and take on additional, more active ideological dimensions.† This means that they build on the cultural and social anxieties of a given time and also reflect then back into the culture, therefore reinforcing them and adding to them. The problem with this is that the media almost always leaves bits and pieces out and portray only the parts they think we want to see to meet our expectations. The kids movie, â€Å"Aladdin† is one which given a skewed view of Muslim people. In the opening scenes of the theatrical release, the theme song states that Aladdin hails â€Å"from a faraway place, where the caravan camels roam, where they cut off your ear if they don’t like your face. It’s barbaric, but hey, it’s home.† Throughout the movie Muslims are repeatedly depicted as scheming, mystical, violent, stupid or greedy Arabs. Everything from costuming to voice tones, facial features and references to Allah build a very stereotypical and false image of Muslims. One of the reasons why this is an incorrect stereotype is that most Muslims are not even Arabic with only about 18% of the 1.6 billion Muslims being Arabic. So why do we as westerners make this assumption that all Muslims are Arabic? I think this is because we don’t look into the figures and information for ourselves we just assume that these negative stereotypes are the truth and by doing this it has become our reality. In the case of Aladdin, this fairytale is viewed by children from such a young age that it becomes a part of their subconscious without them even realizing they have been fed a stereotype. More modern TV shows such as â€Å"Homeland† represent Muslims as fanatic Arab terrorists posing a threat to countries and nations around the world. This is mainly a western representation and is a typical negative stereotype of Muslims that most people believe and accept as the truth. Although this may be an accurate representation of a small minority of the Muslim population, in my opinion this is a false stereotype of the majority of the population. The media has generalised their opinion based on a small minority to all of the Muslim population and sensationalized it to heighten cultural anxieties. This opinion and stereotype has caused much tension between westerners and the general Muslim population in the past and the present. The media reports involving Muslims and Islam in general have become more frequent, with the racist, stereotype images and remarks becoming more and more accepted as normal, especially in the news, entertainment and social media. The media has been targeting religion and more specifically Islam since the events of the 9/11 planted a seed of fear for terrorists and religion in general. Media including Hollywood and the filmmakers have become worse in their racist opinions of Muslims portraying them more and more as brutal, heartless, uncivilised religious fanatics and money-mad cultural â€Å"others† bent on terrorising civilised Westerners. Perhaps it is time that the media realizes that instead of investing in negative stereotypes, there is a positive impact which can be obtained by using counter-stereotypical fictional depictions to turn the tide on societies prejudicial attitudes. religionandmediacourse.blogspot.com.au/2010/11/representations-of-islam-in-media.htm maddysreligionandspirituality.blogspot.com.au/2013/05/week-9-10-religious-racism-and-media.html asiainstitute.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/571625/akbarzadeh-islam-media.pdf mediasmarts.ca/diversity-media/religion/media-portrayals-religion-islam teachmideast.org/essays/26-stereotypes/38-stereotypes-of-arabs-middle-easterners-and-muslims http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2012/oct/13/homeland-drama-offensive-portrayal-islam-arabs http://racerelations.about.com/od/hollywood/a/5-Common-Arab-Stereotypes-In-Television-And-Film.htm http://srambeau.wordpress.com/2010/10/15/representations-of-arabs-in-disneys-aladdin/ http://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/jan/25/broadcasting.race

The Story of an Eyewitness Essay Analysis

In The Story of an Eyewitness, journalist Jack London gives readers a vivid first-person account of the terrible aftermath of the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco. London's report originally appeared in Collier's Weekly, May 5, 1906. As a reporter, London uses his writing experience to illustrate the devastation he witnesses by using similes, metaphors, irony, and personification. His incredible descriptions transport the reader right into the burning streets. The story begins with the earthquake destroying many buildings and causing hundreds of thousands of dollars of damage. However, London expresses emphases on the fire that caused hundreds of millions of dollars in damage. He uses a metaphor to describe what he saw, â€Å"San Francisco's burning was a lurid tower visible a hundred miles away. † Next, he uses personification to illustrate his picture, â€Å"and for three days and nights this lurid tower swayed in the sky. London states that the fires spread quickly throughout the city, and could not be controlled by any man. Again, he uses personification to bring the fire alive, â€Å"Thus did the fire of itself build its own colossal chimney through the atmosphere. † London uses irony to describe the fires on Wednesday night, â€Å"Remarkable as it may seem, Wednesday night while the whole city crashed and roared into ruin, was a quiet night. † The fires lasted two days, Wednesday morning until Thursday night. While the city was burning, inhabitants tried to flee the city with their belongings. People tried to make it up San Francisco’s many steep hills, but had a hard time, so they ended up leaving most of their things behind. London uses a simile to paint the picture of the people giving up, â€Å"In the end, completely played out, after toiling for a dozen hours like giants. † After the fires burned out, all of the buildings, hotels, stores, and houses in San Francisco were gone. Many people became homeless. London’s simile describes the aftermath, â€Å"San Francisco, at the present time, is like the crater of a volcano, around which are camped tens of thousands of refugees. † Ironically, Jack London does not end the story with gloom and doom. After all the destruction and devastation, London brings back hope by informing readers that the United States Government is going to help the refugees. Also, we are assured that San Francisco is not dead because the bankers and business men have already set about making preparations to rebuild San Francisco.

A Literature Review About Mecication Errors Essay Example for Free

A Literature Review About Mecication Errors Essay ? An error rate of 5% is acceptable in most industries, however, in the health care industry; one single error can result in death. (Berntsen, 2004, p5) This paper discusses medication errors in relation to pharmacology and drug treatment. It will summarize three academic peer reviewed journal articles, followed by general information in relation to medication errors, the impact of medication errors on client care, strategies to prevent medication errors  and conclude with the relationship to nursing. Summary of Articles Related to Medication Errors. The first article is by Karin Berntsen, 2004, and is entitled â€Å"How Far Has Health Care Come Since ‘To Err is Human’? Exploring Use of Medical Error Data†. This is a review of what changes have been made since a medication error report written by the Institute of Medicine was published in 1999. This article depicts how the health care system has changed since this 1999 report was written, and how the information was utilized for our benefit. They concluded that in the USA, medical errors were one of the top 8 leading causes of death. They reported the cost for these errors was between $17 Billion to $29 billion dollars. Until a new report is completed, health care providers will be unaware whether their goals in increasing patient safety were accomplished. The article finalizes that there has been progress in regards to prevention of medication errors and health care leaders feel passionate about increasing patient safety. (Berntsen 2004) The second article is by William N. Kelly, 2004, and is titled â€Å"Medication Errors: Lessons Learned and Actions Needed† and highlights the death of a one year old child who was diagnosed with cancer. She subsequently died, not from the cancer, but from receiving an incorrect dosage of a drug that she was being treated with. This report indicates that medications are systematically checked and balanced and errors are usually caught before a drug is administered to a patient. The article states that problems are not being solved in a timely manner since the industry has been â€Å"putting ‘band aids’ on problems that need ‘major surgery’.(Kelly 2004). In conclusion, the article questions whether or not they are taking the right approach in preventing errors. Many people are trying to fix this problem however; errors are still made too frequently. (Kelly 2004) The final article is by Rosemary M. Preston, 2004, and is titled â€Å"Drug Errors and Patient Safety: A Need for Change in Practice†. This article presents that errors continue to happen for many reasons. It concentrates upon calculations errors, lack of knowledge of drugs, over/under dosing drugs,  interactions with drugs and food, and legalities regarding drug administration. It also presents recommendations to minimize the risk of drug errors with good communication and honesty. The article closes by stating that â€Å"nurses should never estimate the skills needed for safe administration of medicines.† (Preston 2004) Key aspects: medication errors and their causes. To understand the impact that medication errors have on a patient, we have to understand what a medication error is. According to Health Canada online, a medication error is defined as: Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer. Such events may be related to professional practice, health care products, procedures, and systems, including prescribing; order communication; product labelling, packaging, and nomenclature; compounding; dispensing; distribution; administration; education; monitoring; and use.† [Developed for use by the National Coordinating Council on Medication Error Reporting and Prevention]( http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/index.html) Medication errors occur for a variety of reasons. An error can affect all areas of a health care facility from health care management, staff, physicians, pharmacy and especially patients. Studies have indicated that errors will usually occur when the staff demonstrates signs of fatigue, stress, are over-worked or encounter frequent interruptions and distractions. When physicians display bad handwriting, ineffective communication with patients, and do not educate staff and patients effectively, a medication error is more likely to happen. Poor management can result in more medication errors when there is an emphasis on volume, over service quality. This results in inadequate staffing and disorganization. Medication errors affect all components of the health care environment. (http://www.napra.org/docs/0/95/157-/166.asp) As disturbing as it sounds, one miniscule error can result in a patient’s injury or can even lead to their death. According to the American Journal of Medicine, statistics reveal that â€Å"more than two million American hospitalized patients suffered a serious adverse drug reaction in relation to injury within the 12-month period and, of these, over 100,000 died as a result.† http://www4.nationalacademies.org/news) Death and injury is a sad reality to any single error. The government established six rights of drug administration to prevent medication errors and ensure accuracy. These six rights include: Right drug, right dose, Right client, right route, right time and right documentation. (Kozier & Erb 2004) Injuries that result from a medication error are called adverse drug events. Usually, these unpleasant effects can be eliminated and injury can be avoided. However, every drug produces harmful side effects, but the severities of these effects vary from individual to individual. These side effects also depend on the drug and the dose given. (Kozier & Erb 2004) Health care professionals must report all errors and are accountable for their actions. No matter how insignificant, nurses are taught to document and report all mistakes. When statistics show what types of errors are made, an analysis can be done. This analysis can be used to plan ways to prevent them medication errors. (Berntsen, 2004)When a nurse does not report a mistake, the probability that it will happen again will increase. Medication errors have a huge impact on client care. They can result in death, injury, and result in unwanted effects of drugs. It is our responsibility as nurses to comply with the clients’ six rights of drug administration, to prevent errors from taking place. Strategies to prevent medication errors. There are many efficient ways to prevent nurses from making an error. To ensure patient safety in all aspects of client care, nurses are taught to think critically, and to problem solve. Nurses use critical thinking to ensure safe, knowledgeable, nursing performance and they must be able to keep up with updated health facts by constantly educating themselves with new information. (Kozier & Erb 2004) Critical thinking assists in the prevention of medication errors. The six rights in drug administration help prevent medication errors from occurring. It is important to maintain the highest standards of practice of these rights for a drug to be prepared properly. Failure to adhere to any one of these rights will definitely result in a medication error. (Clayton & Stock, 2004) Take your time when preparing medications and research any unknown drugs. Rushing should be avoided when preparing, administering and reading medication labels. Proper research must be done before an unfamiliar drug is administered it to a client. Even when in a rushed emergency situation, drugs should be looked at carefully to know the correct concentration and name of the drug, to prevent injury. (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/index.html) Labels should be read carefully and accurately. Before a drug is given to a patient, three checks should be done to ensure you are giving the proper drug and dose. In a situation where you are unsure of a drug order, you are expected to refuse the order and clarify it by law. If an individual is unfamiliar with a particular drug, the drug should not be given. (http://www.napra.org/docs/0/95/157-/166.asp) When a label is unclear, do not try not to examine the drug order yourself. Do not ask an associate, or ask for anyone else’s interpretation of the drug. To get the correct information, contact the individual who ordered the drug to clarify the label. In order to decrease the chances of error, verify all unclear hand writing, abbreviations, decimal points, decimal places and dosages. (http://www.napra.org/docs/0/95/157-/166.asp) Use of dosage abbreviations should not be used to avoid drug miscalculations. Dosage abbreviations are misinterpreted more often, than any other type of abbreviation. Using standardized abbreviations, would assist in preventing misinterpretation of abbreviations. (Preston 2004) A drug check should be done three times prior to the administration of a drug. The drug label should correspond with the physician’s orders. The three checks should be done; â€Å"Before removing the drug from the shelf or dosage cart, before preparing or measuring the actual prescribed dose, and before replacing the drug on the shelf or before opening a unit dose container, just before administering a dose to a patient.† (Clayton & Stock, 2004) Do not make assumptions regarding drugs. Physicians, pharmacists, make mistakes and other parts of the health system may be flawed. For example, when documentation shows the patient has no drug allergy, it is wrongful to assume the patient will have no adverse reaction to a new drug. This could result in detrimental results to a client’s health. Therefore no assumptions should ever me made. (http://www.ismp.org-/ToolsAllina-Orientation.html) A quiet environment for preparing medications will prevent prescription errors from occurring. Sometimes, nurses are repeatedly interrupted when preparing a medication. Distractions interfere with processing information and decision making. Errors will least likely occur when preparations are done when there are no distractions. (http://www.ismp.org-/ToolsAllina-Orientation.html) When preventing errors, staff must be certain all dosage calculations are correct and clarified. It may be beneficial to ask a colleague to assist you in checking doses, to minimize the chance of miscalculations. Other suggestions to minimize error include; â€Å"making pre-calculated conversion cards, always use a leading zero before a decimal, never use a zero after the decimal and include indications whenever possible. Miscalculations are preventable if proper methods of inspecting calculations are used.† (Preston  2004, p.72) Assess for the effects of drugs to avoid harming a client. A client must be assessed before and after a drug is given. For instance, before giving an oral medication, assess whether the client can swallow or feels nauseated. An appropriate follow up should be done after a medication is administered. It is important to check if the client experienced the desired effect of the drug. Significant abnormal responses to drug should be reported to the physician. (Kozier & Erb 2004) To finalize this assignment, medication errors are mistakes that can cause harm to patients and can even result in death. The articles that have been summarized illustrate situations where medication errors have occurred and review what the health care industry is doing to prevent errors. A medication error is preventable and errors can be caused by a variety of reasons. This paper has discussed the impact medication errors have on client care and strategies of how to prevent errors from occurring. As a nurse, this knowledge will assist me in keeping beneficence a priority for client care. Clayton, Bruce D., BS, RPh, PharmD, and Yvonne N. Stock, MS, BSN, RN. Basic Pharmacology for Nurses. 13th ed. United States of America: Mosby, 2004. Government of Canada Online. (2004, Summer). Retrieved July 18, 2004, from Health Canada Web site: (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/index.html) Kelly, William N. â€Å"Medication Errors.† Professional Safety 49: 35. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Assiniboine Community College. 22 July 2004 . Government of Canada Online. (2004, Summer). Retrieved July 18, 2004, from Health Canada Web site: (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/index.html) Kozier & Erb, Barbara, et al. Fundamentals of Nursing. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. Minimizing Medication Errors. (n.d.). In NAPRA: National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities. Retrieved July 17, 2004, from NAPRA: National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities Web site: http://www.napra.org/docs/0/95/157/166.asp Preston, Rosemary M. â€Å"Drug errors and patients safety: the need for a change in practice.† British Journal of Nursing (BJN) 13: 72. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Assiniboine Community College. 22 July 2004 . A Literature Review About Mecication Errors. (2016, Jul 22).

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