High City Of Granbury A Drastic Response Time Essay

Over the past couple of years, our small city of Granbury has seen a drastic spike in population. This recent growth has not only caused an unemployment crisis, but it also has influenced a greater risk of devastating fires for both homes and businesses. However, if the city of Granbury were to adopt full time fire departments, all citizens and businesses would benefit in numerous aspects. By adopting these full time departments, it is clear that our cities proficiency, productivity, and safety will increase greatly. There is a little over 400 volunteer firefighters at seven departments spread across Granbury. This not only means that these hard working heros do not receive a paycheck for their excruciating efforts, but it also reveals that these 400 firefighters are not stationed at their departments which indicates they must travel to the station to be able to then respond to a call causing a slow response time; opposed to career departments that always have their stations manned w hich is proven to generate a quicker response time. Not only do these full time departments ensure proper response times to emergencies, but they will also correspond with companies insurance codes which allow their franchises to be opened in cities only with these career departments. Many companies such as Target, Academy, Olive Garden, Main Event, etc†¦ all require professional fire departments for their stores to be built in that city. Also, the lack of recreational opportunities prevent social

Skills for Workplace - 1692 Words

IMPORTANT SKILLS FOR WORKPLACE Important skills for the workplace today Nguyen Dang Dinh Van Kaplan University Dip FM 1888. Class 18B SSPDP Ms. Deepa Pillai September 30, 2010 Important skills for the workplace today Nowadays, workers are being requested getting more and more challenges and difficulties in every aspects of working environments. Employers are looking to people who have special skills which can apply directly to many different tasks. Therefore, people have been competed to figure out and practice their personal skills since they are still in the college. There are many important skills for the workplace but I would to say that not all skills are useful for different kinds of jobs. So, they need to understand what†¦show more content†¦His decisions must be reasonable to avoid any argument in teamwork. Finally, what others looking for is the result. Clearly, one group with a good leader, the quality of teamwork as well as tasks will be must better. For this reason, I strongly believe that leadership skills are important for workplace in any moment or situation. In the last part, I would like to discuss about how to students develop leadership skills in the college. St udents can try to talk in front of classes or schools confidently. They learn how to convince others to agree with their ideas or some stories. Sometimes, just a group activity can also be a chance to them to improve their skills. They need to be always willing to volunteer to become a leader. When they think about solutions for any problem then convey to others specifically, they are practicing their leadership skills by the right way. As well as working, leader will be people who combine ideas from members and submit to teachers. They are people who can make a decision for group about which way to go, how to do and they must have their abilities to prove that’s right. For that, why don’t students try their best to keep their skills like experience? Someday, when they start to go to society and joining to working environments, leadership skills will be one of the most important skills for workplace. All in all, in this paper I have discussed about three veryShow MoreRelatedSkills for Workplace1676 Words   |  7 PagesIMPORTANT SKILLS FOR WORKPLACE Important skills for the workplace today Nguyen Dang Dinh Van Kaplan University Dip FM 1888. Class 18B SSPDP Ms. Deepa Pillai September 30, 2010 Important skills for the workplace today Nowadays, workers are being requested getting more and more challenges and difficulties in every aspects of working environments. Employers are looking to people who have special skills which can apply directly to many different tasks. Therefore, people haveRead MoreThe Leadership Skills Of The Workplace1545 Words   |  7 PagesInnovation in the workplace is a competitive force that give businesses like Apple and Samsung a competitive advantage over other competitors. Innovation is not a new concept for businesses in the workplace, it has been around for a long time. However, businesses are focusing on innovation because they understand the key benefits of innovation. Innovation is supported in organizations through different leadership practices. Discover skills are important in the business and help drive innovation forRead MoreTransferable Skills in workplace1508 Words   |  7 PagesTransferable Skills in Workplace Introduction As a student, it never too soon to look at the job market in which you will be operating as a job seeker, and at what can help you to maximize the chance of having a profitable job. To be attractive to the employer is that students have to acquire during the school time. Nowadays, there have been many researches on employability, which is generally regarded as a broader concept of skills in the workplace. According to the definition given by the HigherRead MoreCounselling Skills in the Workplace2738 Words   |  11 PagesThe Role of counselling skills in the workplace This paper seeks to explore the role of counselling skills in the workplace, the benefits and how it can be used to enhance employee performance. In order to exhaustively analyze the role and importance of its use in resolving workplace issues, this paper will go through the following, What counselling is, the difference between counselling skills and counselling, what workplace counselling entails and the skills needed, the advantages and disadvantagesRead MoreThe Importance Of Interpersonal Skills On The Workplace1695 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance of interpersonal skills in the workplace? Interpersonal skills are important because they can help determine the effectiveness of a manger. It has been shown that places that have a reputation of being a good place to work have performed well in comparison to those that don’t have a good reputation. Managers that display interpersonal skills help companies attract quality employees and improve the retention of employees. Interpersonal skills in the workplace are so important because theRead MoreOrganizational Communicaton Skills in the Workplace2218 Words   |  9 PagesOrganizational communication skills in workforce †¢ 1: Why have you chosen this topic? Undoubtedly, organizational communication is becoming increasingly complex. Today’s manager must communicate with people who do not speak the same language or share the same culture, align diverse employees toward shared organizational goals, and create synergy among many different kinds of communication media. Despite the new communication challenges that managers face today, the basic lessons of communicationRead MoreImportant Writing Skills in the Workplace1981 Words   |  8 PagesThe Importance of Writing Skills in the Workplace What are the words you write revealing about you? Are they saying I am a well educated and smart business person or are they screaming that I am an ignoramus? The way you write reveals so much about you and your business skills. Your writing tells the reader about your educational background, whether you have pride in your work and your level of business expertise. Any company with employees who write clearly and concisely has a competitive edgeRead MoreDeveloping Coaching Skills for the Workplace776 Words   |  4 PagesCoaching is a powerful tool based on the use of one-to-one discussions to enhance an individual’s skills, knowledge or work performance. Coaching targets high performance and improvement at work and usually focuses on specific skills and goals, although it may also have an impact on an individual’s personal attributes. I have outlined a brief description of 2 coaching models GROW and OSCAR in Appendix 1. There are a variety of different types of coaching available and I have identified 2 specificRead MoreThe Importance of Listening Skills in the Workplace Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pages(Eunson 2012:310), argue the importance of listening skills in the workplace. Your analysis should identify three specific listening behaviors and provide examples to demonstrate how these skills promote communication and understanding. Support your analysis with relevant communication theory and evidence from appropriate academic sources. Listening skills play a significant role in evaluating communication capabilities in the workplace throughout the globe. It affects all kinds of interactionsRead More Essential Workplace Skills Essay example1596 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace Essential Skills While working or while looking for work there are certain skills sets that are universally important. No matter what job or career path you have chosen these skills make it easier to obtain your goals, whatever they may be. Workplace essential skills enable people at work to do the tasks required by their occupation, give them the basics to learn all other skills (job and life) and assist them to manage and adapt to the changing workplace environment. They

The Princess Of Cleves Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Princess Of Cleves Essay, Research Paper The Princess of Cl degree Fahrenheits The princess of Cl degree Fahrenheits, though non a typical impure adult female, proved to be strong-minded and able to cover with the passion she felt for Monsieur de Nemours. Princess of Cl degree Fahrenheits urgently wanted to be true and faithful to Monsieur de Cl degree Fahrenheits. Madame de Chartres, the princess of Cl degree Fahrenheits s female parent, knew her better than anyone. She feared her girl would fall into a love matter, which would certainly destruct the Princess of Cl degree Fahrenheits. Before Princess of Cl degree Fahrenheits s female parent passed off she told her girl You have an fondness for Monsieur de Nemours ; I do non inquire you to squeal it, as I am no longer able to do usage of your earnestness in order to steer you ( 93 ) . Modern adult females might continue with the enticement of love with another adult male in today s society. We will write a custom essay sample on The Princess Of Cleves Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The term the other adult female refers to an immoral adult female moving on her emotions regardless of whether she or the adult male are commited to one another by matrimony. In my sentiment, the Princess of Cl degree Fahrenheits fought her emotions to avoid being labeled an unfaithful adult female. I believe she urgently wanted to be faithful. To her, prosecuting a good, faithful life was more of import than the passion she felt. Princess of Cl degree Fahrenheits attempted to be faithful to Monsieur de Cl degree Fahrenheits, but in her ideas she was genuinely unfaithful. Princess of Cl degree Fahrenheits was cubic decimeter erectile dysfunction to believe that a missive found belonged to Monsieur de Nemours. The content of the missive was an indicant that Monsieur de Nemours loved another adult female. The Princess of Cl degree Fahrenheits experienced experiencing covetous entertaining the impression Monsieur de Nemours may hold loved another adult female. Although the chances for the Princess of Cl degree Fahrenheits to move on her feelings arose, she did non fall to enticement. I confess, she said, that I may be moved by my emotions, but they can non blind me ; nil can forestall my seeing that you are born with every heroism, and with all the qualities proper to procure speedy success ( 156 ) . She was cognizant of the branching that would follow had she gone through with the matter. Again, Princess of Cl degree Fahrenheits efforts to contend her emotions when she finds herself entirely with Monsieur de Nemours and says to him ; I confess this with the less shame because I may now make it innocently, and you have seen that my feelings did non steer my actions ( 154 ) . Time and clip once more the Princess of Cl degree Fahrenheits is faced with the chance to partake in an immoral relationship. Princess of Cl degree Fahrenheits can non be labeled as an extramarital adult female ; she appeared to be a strong-minded adult female until the terminal of the novel, neer giving in to her feelings. She could hold given Monsieur de Nemours a opportunity to be a portion of her life after Monsieur de Cl degree Fahrenheits died.

Violence In Schools Essays - Crime, Violence, Dispute Resolution

Violence In Schools Thesis Statement Violence in schools has spread widely throughout the nation. This has caused many problems among students, families, faculty of schools, and residents of the areas. In my paper I will discuss the reasons why violence in schools exists and what could or "should" be done about it. Corey Herzlich Ms. Keoughan English 9R: Per. 4 June 5,1996 Violence In Schools Violence in schools has spread widely throughout the nation. This has caused many problems among students, families, faculty of schools, and residents of the areas. However, their are many possible ways we can stop all this violence in schools. Almost three-fourths of the United States teens are afraid of violent crime amongst their peers(Apfel 23). Violence in schools has become a big problem in todays society. With all the people being injured or killed in schools by guns and other weapons, more and more people are getting more weapons to bring in to schools. Nearly half of all males and one-third of all students including females said they can easily obtain a handgun if they wanted to(Glazer 14). The cause of violence can be blamed on many things but 1 mainly. And that one thing is drugs and gangs. Now that more people are selling and buying drugs, people are making money to buy weapons. Gangs, since they came around violence has been increasing steadily. The spread of gangs and drugs has also been implicated in the increasing violence of school youths(Glazer 14). Experts have also said that most violent conflicts among school-age children can be traced back to long- simmering disputes(Apfel 21). Carrying guns and other weapons around schools is becoming more and more popular all around the world. People think that carrying guns around schools with them will make them cool or fit in with other people like themselves. They're wrong. More and more people who are carrying guns around schools today are getting caught and having them taken away. Since schools have gotten metal detectors and scanners, they have cut down the rate of having handguns in schools by nearly 58%(Glazer 5). Security experts have reported that there is no evidence that a metal detector will solve the problem of violence in schools, even though it offers a highly-visible symbol to the community(Apfel 22). Even if the schools with all the gun violence in their schools do put in metal detectors at the front entrances of schools, their are many ways kids can sneak in weapons to school. In 1990 congress made it a felony to bring a gun within one-thousand feet of any school under the "Gun-Free School Zones" provision of the 1990 crime prevention package. This law wont help very much because of the fact that students can sneak in weapons through bathroom windows, or an unguarded entrance during recess(Glazer 6). So their isn't really a safe and reliable way to keep guns away from schools. Security has become a big part of schools today. More and more schools have been getting metal detectors installed. The N.Y. city public schools report that since the introduction to metal detectors in 1988, serious incidents have declined by 58% in schools with scanners and by 43% without them(Glazer 5). Every school should start putting in metal detectors and scanners if they want to cut down violence. Some schools districts that experimented with metal detectors for a short time found them a bit frustrating(Gordon 27). It has become very easy to obtain a gun. A survey of Baltimore public-schools students showed that the four most prevalent places to get guns are street corners, friends, drug dealers, and thieves(Gordon 29). And kids all over the world are getting guns from all these places but nobody is doing anything about it. It is very easy for someone to obtain a handgun. All they have to do is go to one of these four places and buy one. Where do they get the money to buy these guns you ask? From selling drugs. If we could stop the selling of drugs just by maybe 20% or even 15%, their would be a whole less violence due to the lack of money. So nobody would be able to buy a weapon.

How to recognize high conflict people and prevent them from ruining your work life

How to recognize high conflict people and prevent them from ruining your work life Is there a high conflict person in your orbit who seems to be intent on making your work life more difficult? Yes, these ultra-high maintenance and difficult people have become so prevalent in all areas of life- from personal to professional and everything in between- that they’ve been given their own nickname: HCPs. If one or several of these folks have found their way into your world, then you know how lousy it can be. But this doesn’t mean that you need to give up or surrender your happiness to a high conflict person. There are things you can do to help prevent HCPs from ruining your life. Psychology Today recently discussed the growing HCP phenomena in a recent article by  Bill Eddy, LCSW, JD: â€Å"HCPs can look and act great when you get to know them, but sooner or later their hostility, mood swings and blaming behavior can be targeted on you- you become their ‘Target of Blame’. They may or may not have  personality  disorders. But they lack in sight and rarely change. Unfortunately, the skills that help us deal with ordinary people rely on reason and  self-control, two areas where HCPs have a great deal of difficulty. We need to use different skills for managing our relationships with them, or avoiding them.†Many of us figure out various methods for individually handling HCPs we encounter in our lives- we take stock of the person, their personality, their strengths and weaknesses, and just naturally get a feel for how to best deal with (or avoid) that person. It’s just a natural part of life- as we go through various career experiences we’ll invariably have opportunities to interact with a wide array of people, some of whom we’ll get along with and others we might not, and it’s in our best interest to figure out how to make the best out of every interaction.True, HCPs can pose special challenges- they can be extremely difficult personalities to figure out how to deal with, especially wh en we encounter them in high-stakes environments such as the workplace, but if you encounter an HCP and may have to interact with one on a regular basis there is a way forward.Eddy has outlined a proven method for dealing with HCPs, which they have termed the CARS method. This method consists of the following four skill areas: â€Å"Connecting with  empathy, attention, and respect;  Analyzing  your options;  Responding  to hostility or misinformation; and  Setting limits  on high-conflict behavior. Such a method is often the opposite of what you feel like doing, but we have found that it works over and over again in calming HCPs, focusing them on their future choices (rather than arguing about the past), matter-of-factly correcting their frequent misinformation and setting limits because HCPs don’t stop themselves.†You may be naturally doing some variation of the CARS method or some of its components when dealing with HCPs in your life. Let’s take a closer look at how Eddy  breaks down each component of the CARS method, for maximum success in any tricky HCP situation.ConnectingThis involves speaking to HCPs using statements that show you understand their issues and empathize with them. When people feel understood and listened to, a connection is established. Don’t make it fake- really try to reach out to get to the root of what is making someone upset: â€Å"Can you explain what’s upsetting you?† or â€Å"Yes, I can see how that is really frustrating.† Make it clear that you’re not talking down to someone, but rather approaching him or her as a peer who wants to listen and help. The goal is to keep the HCP calm so you can work together to accomplish the task at hand.AnalyzingThen, approach your next steps as practically as possible. Don’t let someone else’s bad energy infest your life in such a way that you make rash decisions that won’t benefit your or your career. Sa y someone you work with is, well, impossible. What can you do? You can push through, stay calm, put your head down, and avoid conflict at all costs. But what if that’s not sustainable? You can go to HR about the HCP in your life, you can look for a new job within your company, or you can even look for a job elsewhere. There’s no right answer. You need to weigh all of your options and decide what’s best for you personally and professionally. Just make sure to do so with care and thought- and  not after a particularly heated interaction.RespondingAccording to Eddy, â€Å"HCPs are especially evident in their hostile emails and social media blasts. They also seriously distort information, even though they usually don’t know they are doing that.† While it’s unfair that you have to deal with stressful interactions like these, especially at work, the best way to do so is to take a breath and remain practical and factual in your responses. Politel y point out any falsehoods in a fiery email or conversation, correct them, and move on. Do not give in for an HCP’s desire for drama and conflict. Do your best not to lose your temper or to push back with equally mean or accusatory language. Kindness is key. So is moving on once you’ve stated the facts and have nothing more to say.Setting limitsAccording to Eddy, â€Å"HCPs generally have less self-control, are more impulsive, and are less aware of the impact of their behavior on others. Further, they often don’t care if their behavior bothers or hurts anyone else or even themselves.†Ã‚  The key to setting limits is to lean on the rules and regulations of your workplace or industry. Fight back with issues that are tangible, not emotional. Don’t make your responses personal. An HCP doesn’t care that they’re driving you crazy or that they’re being mean or irrational. So, again, be practical: â€Å"If this report is incorrect our department will look bad in front of the CEO. Let’s find all the errors together,† or â€Å"This conversation is against the HR rules; I suggest we move on to avoid trouble.†Are you plagued by HCPs? If so, it can be challenging, frustrating, and absolutely aggravating- but it doesn’t have to be impossible. Use the strategies and advice provided here to help deal with HCPs in your life.

Silver Ornaments - Holiday Chemistry Project

Silver Ornaments - Holiday Chemistry Project Use a chemical reaction to create a genuine silver  holiday ornament. The oxidation-reduction reaction silvers the inside of a glass ball, essentially forming a mirror inside the glass. Silver Ornament Materials distilled water5 ml acetone2.5 ml 0.5 M silver nitrate solution (AgNO3)2.5 ml 1.5 M ammonium nitrate solution (NH4NO3)5 ml 5% dextrose solution (C6H12O6)5 ml 10% sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH)clear glass ornament (2-5/8) Silver the Ornament Gently and carefully remove the metal ornament holder and set it aside. You should be left with a hollow glass ball with a short neck.Use a pipette to pour acetone into the ball. Swirl the acetone around and then pour it into a waste container. Allow the ornament to dry. The acetone step may be omitted, but it helps to clean the inside of the ornament to produce a better silver finish.Use a graduated cylinder to measure 2.5 ml of silver nitrate solution. Pour the silver nitrate solution into a small beaker. Rinse the graduated cylinder with water, discarding the rinse water.Use the graduated cylinder to measure 2.5 ml of ammonium nitrate solution. Add the ammonium nitrate solution to the silver nitrate solution. Swirl the beaker or use a glass stirring rod to mix the chemicals. Rinse the graduated cylinder with water and discard the rinse water.Use the graduated cylinder to measure 5 ml of dextrose solution. Pour the dextrose solution into the dry glass ornament. Rinse the graduated cylinder with water and discard the rinse water. Use the graduated cylinder to measure 5 ml of sodium hydroxide solution. Pour the silver nitrate and ammonium nitrate solution into the glass ball, followed immediately by the sodium hydroxide solution.Cover the opening of the glass ball with a piece of parafilm and swirl the solution, making certain the entire interior surface of the glass ball is covered. You will see a silver mirror coating from inside the ball.When the ball is evenly coated, remove the parafilm and pour the solution into the waste container. Important: Rinse the inside of the glass ornament with distilled water. Failure to rinse the ornament could result in the formation of a shock sensitive compound.Use a pipette to add about 2 ml of acetone to the inside of the ornament. Swirl the acetone around inside the ornament and then discard it in the waste container. Allow the ornament to air dry. Replace the ornament hanger and enjoy your silver holiday ornament!The waste material should be immediately rinsed away with water to prevent the formation of an unstable (potentially explosive) compound,

United Nations and Israel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

United Nations and Israel - Research Paper Example The adoption of this Resolution involved 13votes against none however, two countries never participated, and this included China and Iraq (Zunes 24). Resolution 452 by the UNSC This resolution came into existence in July 20 1979 and was concerned with Israeli settlements evident in Golan Heights, Jerusalem, Gaza Strip and West Bank, which, mainly focused on discussing the illegality of these settlements. The resolution further condemns the illegality of the settlements and is in violation of the 4th Geneva Convention that relates to ensuring civilian are protected, in times of War. The resolution further called on Israel to stop the construction of more settlements in the occupied territories; in essence, this resolution was passed by 14 votes, however; there was 1 abstention by the United States (Zunes 24). Resolution 465 by the UNSC This resolution was passed unanimously in March 1st of 1980 in regard to issues that concerned the Israeli settlements and how the territories occupied by the Arab is administrated and which, also included Jerusalem. The Arab territories as discussed in this resolution included areas such as, Gaza Strip where, the Israel state controls. As a result of reflecting on the report regarding Resolution 446 adopted in 1979, the Council criticized Israel for lack of co-operation and highlighted on concerns regarding settlement policy adopted by Israel within the Arab territories which, led to a recall of five resolution and further recalled on Israeli government and its civilians to dismantle illegal settlements. This resolution further c ondemned Israel for its act of issuing a travel ban for Hebron’s Mayor Know as Fahd Qawasma who, was supposed to travel to the Security Council. The Council requested Israel to lift the ban so as to allow the Mayor to present at the United Nations Headquarters. This resolution as adopted in 1980, and gave the commission a mandate to further assess the situation in particular, the occupied territories and monitor how the resolution is being implemented. This resolution further called on countries to avoid providing assistance to Israel and in particular, assistance that was directly channeled to the occupied territories (Gilland 27). Resolution 468 by the UNSC This resolution came into existence in May 8, 1980 following the recall of Geneva Convention. The Council was concerned about the act by Israel to expel Hebron and Halhoul’s Mayor, and the expulsion of Hebron’s Judge concerned with Sharia. This resolution asked Israel to stop enacting illegal measures and a ssist in returning the elected or appointed individuals to resume their duty. The Council further sought the indulgence of the Secretary-General to assist in monitoring and ensuring this resolution is implemented. This resolution sailed through after approval from 14 votes, but the United States did not vote in regard to adopting this resolution (Zunes 26). Resolution 487 by the UNSC Implemented in June 19, 1981 the Council convicted Israel for attacking a nuclear site in Iraq that was approved by the IAEA; therefore, this resolution articulated for a cessation in regard hostile activities. The resolution further approved Iraq’s claim for compensation and implored Israel to accept the IAEA safeguards for its nuclear facilities. In the 70s, Iraq acquired a nuclear reactor that

Summary and analysis speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary and analysis speech - Essay Example He also argues of improving the condition of schools which will lead to employment of teachers. According to him this will help America in restoring the laid down teachers. This speech also touches on the issue of taxes, whereby he urges big corporations and the wealthy Americans to pay taxes of a fair share in order to raise the countrys income for purpose of development. Obama raises the issue of middle class workers being highly taxed as compared to high class workers. He gives an example of construction worker earning $50,000 paying more tax than a person earning $50 million as suggested by Cincinnati.com (2011). Hence he promises a change of the situation as it is all about priorities and choice. His urge is for an economy which respects hard work values as well as responsibilities. He also talks about creating jobs fro veterans who have played an important role in fighting for the country. He encourages people to open businesses and al should strive to contribute to the success of the country in all ways possible. In heroic citizenship it requires the citizens to sacrifice their personal independence and strive to build a strong community spirit through their independence. Hence in as far as this speech is concerned; the idea of heroic citizenship has been implied. For instance the president urges the wealth citizens (who are independent) to pay their fare share of tax in order to boost the economy of the country for the best of the whole community. He also implies this concept by asking the congress to pass the jobs bill in order to create employment for different workers. Therefore, Obama urges the citizens to portray the heroic citizens which will help improve the economic condition of Oho and America as a whole. The concept of crisis refers to an event likely to lead to an unsteady and harmful condition affecting a person, community, a group or society. In this speech, the concept of crisis

Pizza Delivery and Domino Essay Example for Free

Pizza Delivery and Domino Essay Dominos Pizza, Inc. (NYSE: DPZ) is an international pizza delivery corporation headquartered in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1960, Dominos is the second-largest pizza chain in the United States. [1] Dominos currently has nearly 9,000 corporate and franchised stores[2] in 60 international markets[3] and all 50 U. S. states. Dominos Pizza was sold to Bain Capital in 1998 and went public in 2004. Dominos menu features pizza, pasta, oven-baked sandwiches, wings, boneless chicken, salads, breadsticks, cheesesticks, and a variety of dessert items. Management positions at Dominos Pizza distribution centers offer you the opportunity to join a world-class company with: * A competitive salary. * An excellent benefits package. * Opportunity for career growth. Our team leaders are involved in all facets of our business. The work is a combination of administrative and operational responsibilities performed throughout the distribution center. The best candidates are strong yet thoughtful leaders who have the ability to respect their team members and mentor them onto greater career development. If you care about the people who work for you and have the desire to encourage and assist in their career growth, youre the type of leader we look for. What Types of Management Positions Are Available? Our General Manager Development Program is an excellent start to acquiring skills and learning the fundamentals of business operations. In addition to several requirements, it is necessary to work successfully in a team leader position (minimum of six months) to apply for the program. The program is customized for each individual and focuses on the following areas. Food Production Preparing and mixing fresh pizza dough is the responsibility of a production team member. The production team is the secret behind the great-tasting Domino’s Pizza consumers turn to when they’re hungry. If you have the desire to create a top-quality food product every day, then our production department is for you. Commercial Delivery and Service Drivers We look for team members with a commitment to safety and excellent customer service to be part of our Delivery Service team. Delivery Service drivers will drive a truck over an established route to deliver products to Domino’s Pizza stores. When you take the wheel for Domino’s Pizza Distribution, you are the face of our company to our customers. You’re interaction with the stores is crucial to our success. Many drivers build lasting relationships with customers in the fun and supportive family environment of Domino’s Pizza. Warehouse Our warehouse team members ensure that our customers receive each and every product they order, every time they order it. As a warehouse team member, your main responsibility will be to load, unload and move materials within or near the distribution center. You’re the one who makes it happen for us every day and you are an important piece of who we are. n early 2000, Pawan Bhatia (Bhatia), the CEO of Dominos Pizza India (Dominos) was a man in a hurry. Ever since Bhatia took over as the CEO of Dominos in November 1999, he had been frantically reworking the pizza chains India strategy. Bhatia was planning to open 150 new outlets by the end of 2002 covering 23 cities,1 including Bhubaneshwar (Orissa) and Jamshedpur (Bihar). In late 1999, Indocean Chase, the private equity fund bought a 25% stake in Dominos operations in India from the Delhi-based industrial family, the Bhartias, who held Dominos franchise in India. Dominos told investment bankers at the fund that it planned to go in for an initial public offering (IPO) in the next two years. Indocean Chase advised Dominos to go beyond its 16 outlets in Delhi to exploit the potential in the pizza delivery business. Unless a well-thought-out expansion plan was put into place, the IPO was unlikely to find too many takers. As part of its expansion plans Dominos revamped its entire supply chain operations, from sourcing raw materials to shipping them for processing at a central location to delivering it to the customers. Initially, Dominos had a simple model. It had three self-contained commissaries in New Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore which bought their own wheat, tomatoes and other ingredients, processed them, then delivered them in refrigerated trucks to each outlet. However, volumes were expected to increase when Dominos planned to open new outlets. Therefore, the existing model had to be revamped. Bhatia said, Its crucial for us to build a low-cost supply chain operation which takes costs out of the system and in turn gives us greater pricing flexibility in the marketplace. Analysts felt that Dominos had to rethink its supply chain operation because it was the biggest area of costs. Since 75% of Dominos customers ordered either from office or home, it did not have to lease large plots of land in prime locations to attract traffic. Instead, it needed an efficiently managed call centre to bring better returns. In the late 1950s, Dominick De Varti (Varti) owned a small pizza store named DomiNicks Pizza on the Eastern Michigan University campus in Ypsilanti, Michigan. In 1960, two brothers who were students of the University of Michigan – Thomas S. Monaghan (Thomas) and James S. Monaghan (James) – bought the store for US$900. In 1961, James sold his share of business to Thomas. The pizza business did well and by 1965, Thomas was able to open two more stores in the town – Pizza King and Pizza from the Prop. Within a year, Varti opened a pizza store in a neighborhood town with the same name, DomiNicks Pizza. Thomas decided to change the name of his first store, DomiNicks Pizza, and one of his employees suggested the name Dominos Pizza (Dominos). The advantage of this name Thomas felt was that it would be listed after DomiNick in the directory. Dominos philosophy rested on two principles – limited menu and delivering hot and fresh pizzas within half-an-hour. In 1967, it opened the first franchise store in Ypsilanti, and in 1968, a franchise store in Burlington, Vermont. However, the company ran into problems when its headquarters (the first store) and commissary were destroyed by fire. In the early 1970s, the company faced problems again when it was sued by Amstar, the parent company of Domino Sugar for trademark infringement. Thomas started looking for a new name and came up with Red Dominos and Pizzas Dispatch. However, there wasnt any need for it because Dominos won the lawsuit in 1980. In 1982, Dominos Pizza established Dominos Pizza International (DPI) that was made responsible for opening Dominos stores internationally. The first store was opened in Winnipeg, Canada. Within a year, DPI spread to more than 50 countries and in 1983, it inaugurated its 1000th store (Refer Exhibit II for worldwide revenues). Around the same time, new pizza chains like Pizza Hut and Little Caesar established themselves in the US. Dominos Pizza faced intense competition because it had not changed its menu of traditional hand-tossed pizza. The other pizza chains offered low-priced breadsticks, salads and other fast food apart from pizzas.. Analysts felt that Dominos took a cue from McDonalds supply chain model (Refer Box and Exhibit III for McDonalds model). However, they opined that the level of complexity in McDonalds system in India was not as high as that of Dominos. Commented Bhatia, McDonalds operations are not as spread out as ours. They are in four cities while we are in 16. Centralizing wouldnt work on such a geographical scale. Thus in early 2000, Dominos came out with its own logistics model. It began at the point Dominos purchased wheat for making the pizza dough. Dominos first decided the procurement strategy for its key raw materials: wheat, baby corn, tomatoes and spices. For instance, wheat was cheapest in Jalandhars (Punjab) wholesale markets. Dominos refrigerated trucks got the wheat back to the commissary in Delhi. Commissary processed the wheat and prepared the pizza dough. The pizza dough and other items prepared in commissaries were then sent to the retail outlets again in refrigerated trucks. The temperature inside the truck was fixed based on the distance between the retail outlets and the commissaries. This was to set the dough at a particular level when it reached the outlets. The retail outlets had to use up the processed dough within three days of delivery. If they failed to do so for some reason the entire quantity was discarded. To get to Jalandhar, the trucks had to pass Chandigarh. Chandigarh with a cosmopolitan population, was a potential market for Dominos products. Therefore, Dominos opened an outlet there. The cost of entry was low because there was no additional costs incurred on transportation of products

Lord Alfred Tennyson as a Victorian Essay -- essays research papers

Tennyson as a Victorian The Victorian age was an age where many changes occurred socially, economically, and industrially. People began to explore into areas such as the earth, the human body, and how to benefit the daily lives of individuals. English literature was also something that was beginning to be developed. People's thoughts and ideas also changed with the development of the country. The peoples' ideas became more free and they accepted change more easily, yet not everybody wanted to admit to change. People began to ask more questions about life, which prompted the development of science and many people began to question the bible. The change caused a great deal of confusion and alarm, which prompted English writers to accept responsibility and write about new thoughts, beliefs, and feelings. Alfred Tennyson, who is a very famous poet, is often regarded as the chief representative of the Victorian age in poetry. Tennyson was a man who had seen pain and sorrow in his life. After the death of his best friend, Arthur Hallam, Tennyson found relief from his pain in writing. Many of his writings were indeed about his dead friend. For example in "The Passing of Arthur, the hero has the same name as Tennyson's friend and also many lyrical poems, that later were to become In Memorian A.H.H. These writing were full of emotions, pain, fear, caring, and the desire to remember his friend. Almost throughout all ...

Jwellery Industry in India

THE JEWEL INDUSTRY OF INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GITANJALI INTRODUCTION INDIAN JEWELLERY INDUSTRY India is a leading player in the global gems and jewellery market. The gems and jewellery industry occupies an important position in the Indian economy. It is a leading foreign exchange earner, as well as one of the fastest growing industries in the country. The two major segments of the sector in India are gold jewellery and diamonds. Gold jewellery forms around 80 per cent of the Indian jewellery market, with the balance comprising fabricated studded jewellery that includes diamond studded as well as gemstone studded jewellery. The Indian gems and jewellery industry is competitive in the world market due to its low cost of production and the availability of skilled labour. In addition, the industry has set up a worldwide distribution network, of more than 3,000offices for the promotion and marketing of Indian diamonds. The sector is expected to register a compound annual growth of (CAGR) of 13% during 2011-13, according to a report â€Å"Indian Gems and Jwellery Market Forecast 2013†. (By research firm RNCOS). MICHAEL PORTER’S 5 FORCE MODEL FOR JEWELLERY INDUSTRY INTER- FIRM RIVALRY- HIGH There are two types of rivalry. 1) Inside India & (2) Outside India. †¢Large presence of unorganized sector. 0. 2 Million Gold jewellers and over 8,000 Diamond jewellers †¢International rivals Such as, China †¢Threat from producing nation like S. A. & Russia. BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS – MEDIUM In jewellery industry the suppliers are S. A. , UAE, Australia, US, Congo, Botswana, Russia , DTC. †¢Few Alternatives of cutting & polishing. †¢Skilled labour †¢Bargaining power of India is enhanced because India is largest consumer of gold jewellery. BARGAING POWER OF BUYERS- LOW Divided in two types 1. Domestic buyers & . Foreign buyers †¢As investment (Demand increase) †¢Bargaining power of Indian exporter is high because Majority of the world's rough diamond production is cut and polished in India THREAT OF SUBSITUTES- LOW Substitutes are Real assets, Stock market, ; Bank deposits ; Mutual fund investment and other types of jewellery like imitation Jewellery, bagasra jewellery, stone jewellery etc. †¢Second preferred investment behind bank deposits †¢Status and standard of living increase so demand is increasing at High rate BARRIERS TO ENTRY- LOW TO MEDIUM * Low capital requirement Government subsidy * EXIM policy ; government’s rules ; regulations are high * Skilled manpower is essential * Advanced technology required. GITANJ ALI | | | | | Vision To emerge as a jeweller of choice, in terms of quality, style and surpass all levels of customer satisfaction. Mission To assimilate the expertise of trained personnel and state-of the art machinery, so as to nothing, but the best. Values Are Integrity, Solidarity, Credibility and Perfection. The Gitanjali Group which was established in 1966, and is one of the earliest diamond houses in India. By 1968, it was accorded a ‘Sight† by the Diamond Trading Company Ltd. London and Gitanjali became one of the first Sight holders in India. It has received over 50 National and Council awards from the Ministry of Commerce for outstanding exports. It is one of the leading diamond exporting companies in India. Presently, Gitanjali Group has highly modernized diamond cutting and polishing facilities in India. The group strengthens its core business of loose diamonds with international association. Internationally, business patterns of the diamond industry. The Group has positioned itself to manufacture and promote diamonds as well as studded jewellery right up to the retail level. Gitanjali Group one of the leading integrated diamond ; Jewellery manufactures ; Retailers in India with turnover of Rs 3467 Cores. The Company has strong brands such as: * ASMI Asmi was launched in 2002 by the Diamond Trading Corporation. All the years the brand has been endorsed by various actresses such as Kajol, Parizad Zorabian ; Mandira Bedi. All these women epitomize the different strengths that an Asmi woman is identified with fire – spirited, goal oriented ; with an inner fire. NAKSHATRA Nakshatra is one of India’s most reputed diamond jewellery brands, achieving an iconic status within three years of its launch in 2000. Today, it is a leading diamond jewellery brand, patronized by women of fashion in almost all segments of society. * SANGINI Sangini is a high profile brand launched by the Diamond Trading Company, and Spectrum Jewellery , a joint venture between the Gitanjali Group and Sanghavi Exports, promotes the brand in India. * DIYA DIYA is the distilled essence of the Gitanjali Group’s four-decade long engagement with jewellery. It is the first B2B diamond jewellery brand for manufacturers and the trade. It offers exquisite designs, selected after a rigorous India-wide survey of 6,300 women – some of which are already acknowledged classics. * BEZEL Bezel is a watch store from the stable of the Gitanjali group products includes watches and writing instruments. Brand mix will include GLL brands ; brands from outside. * WORLD OF SILVER It has been conceptualized for offering silver gifts in various product categories like Home decor, Office Utility, Bar Sets, Table ware, Devotional Collections and Artefacts. It range of International Brands , Greggio from Italy and Frazer ; Haws from UK, offering best of the brand value and perceived value   while making gifting a lifestyle statement. It caters to the high end, up market ; value conscious niche cliental. * GILI Gili’s brand identity is to ‘Embrace the Gili way of easy elegance’. The Brand characteristics are Stylish, Contemporary, Extrovert, Enthusiastic and Self-made. And its Design concept is easy to wear, highly contemporary and trendy designs * D’DAMAS D'damas India Jewellery is a joint venture between Gitanjali Group and Dubai-based Damas based in  Mumbai. It has a presence in 159 towns and cities across  India. It main area of business is manufacturing and marketing of gold, diamond, silver, platinum branded jewellery's in  India. It has six sub brands – Lamhe, Glitterati, Vivaaha, DER, Solitaire and Saumya. It is also only international brand in  India. D'Damas India also used as manufacturing base and will export jewelleries to markets like Saudi Arabia, Japan, US and Europe markets. * MAYA GOLD MAYA is the brand from the Gitanjali Gold Collection specifically aimed at the Indian wedding market and similar festivities and traditional occasions for gift-giving, especially from parents to daughters. Lucera, Calgaro, Rivaaz, Kashvi, Stefan Hafner, Ezee Diamonds, Aakanksha, Rosato, Shuddhi, Parineeta, Sagaee and Menz are some other brands which sell its products in India through its vast network of 1,250 outlets including outlets in host stores. In fact, five of the top six brands in the Indian market are owned or managed by Gitanjali. These brands manifest the significance of the group in the Indian Jewellery retailing market. Additionally, the Company operates 143 retail Jewellery stores located across the United States through the acquisitions of Samuel Jewellers and Roger Jewellers. Activities undertaken by Gitanjali:- * Sourcing and Trading of Rough Diamonds * Diamond Manufacturing * Distribution and Trading of Polished & Cut Diamonds * Jewellery Manufacturing and Exports * Jewellery Sourcing (Local & International Markets) * Manufacturing Branded Jewellery * Retailing Branded Jewellery OBJECTIVES * The main objective of this term paper is to understand the value chain and its strategic distribution presence of GITANJALI in India. * To conduct a market survey in order to know the 1) Consumer perception about jewellery. 2) Brand awareness of various brands in jewellery market. 3) Parameters which the consumer considers while buying jewellery. * To critically examine the company and the environment by conducting the SWOT and PORTER’S 5 FORCE ANALYSIS. * To analyze and evaluate the financial performance of GITANJALI over the years. To highlight the CSR initiatives and the CORPORATE GOVERNANCE taken up by GITANJALI to uplift the society. * To study about the aggressive retail strategy and its growing focus on International and Domestic Reatail. SWOT ANALYSIS OF GITANJALI STRENGHTS †¢Large integrated diamond & jewellery player and having an international presence. †¢Pioneers of branded jewellery in India. †¢Strong marketing & distribution network. S trong retail presence in India and in U. S. 112 distributors and 1246 outlets in India and 143 outlets in U. S. Strong brand equity and broad product range Such as, Gili, Asmi, Nakshatra, Sangini, D’damas, Vivaaha, Maya, Giantti, Desire, Samuels etc. †¢Visionary leadership (Acquiring Nakshatra, Samuels, Rogers etc. ) †¢Expanding manufacturing capabilities in Mumbai and at special economic zone in Surat to address increasing demand. †¢Net Worth is 3,460. 37 million Rs. So we can say that it is financially very strong company. †¢Sight holder status with DTC through a promoter group company. †¢Highly skilled, qualified and motivated employee. WEAKNESSES †¢There may be conflicts of interest between them and certain of their Promoter group companies. As the major raw material requirements need to be imported, companies normally stock huge quantities of inventory resulting high inventory carrying costs. †¢Technology is less improved compared to Ch ina and Thailand’s company. OPPORTUNITIES †¢New markets in Europe & Latin America. †¢Growing demand in South Asian & Far East countries. †¢Industry moving from a phase of consolidation. †¢Expansion possibilities in lifestyle and luxury products in India like watches, leather goods, Platinum jewellery because increasing disposable income of people. THREATS †¢International Competition:-China, Sri Lanka and Thailand’s entry in small diamond jewellery. †¢Increase in the price of Gold & Diamonds. †¢Other local competitors. According to the data 97% jewellery sales are by family jewellers. †¢Threat from producing nation like S. A. & Russia. VALUE CHAIN OF GITANJALI * Sourcing and Trading of Rough Diamonds * Diamond Manufacturing * Distribution and Trading of Polished & Cut Diamonds * Jewellery Manufacturing and Exports * Jewellery Sourcing (Local & International Markets) Manufacturing Branded Jewellery * Retailing Branded Jewellery DISTRIBUTION AND RETAIL STRATEGY OF GITANJALI GITANJALI RETAIL BUSINESS * Gitanjali has strong retail presence in the world’s largest markets for jewellery. Retail business is a major Contributor in Gitanjali’s revenue. Gitanjali has over 2000 plus retail outlet across India and in the process of expansion in tier II and III cities to cater to new segment of the cu stomer. * USA is a largest jewellery consuming country and 45% of worldwide diamond jewellery sales are made in the United States. In FY 2007-08, Gitanjali made a strategic acquisition in USA, including Samuels and Rogers, and now has about 137 stores in Centre and across USA, being expanded to 200 stores in the near future. * Samuels and Rogers of Gitanjali are the 8th largest branded jewellery retail chain in US. * Gitanjali’s integrated supply chain business model has given an advantage to survive and post profit despite of US recession. * Gitanjali retail business has spread through all channels and in all geographies, across all the market segments * Net Profit has gone up because of shift in market from wholesale to retail. | | * | RETAIL EXPANSION STRATEGY IN INDIA * The Changing Socio – economic factors in India created a clear opportunity in Lifestyle and Luxury markets in India. These changes in retail environment have created opportunity for establishment of modern retail formats. Keeping this in view Gitanjali has embarked on an aggressive domestic retail expansion plan. * Gitanjaliâ₠¬â„¢s strategy is to increase the market share of various brands and its positioning in the market. Strategy is to generate demand for branded diamond jewellery in the future. Flagship product brands of the company are able to convert themselves into retail brands. * The group has introduced many promising brands to its bouquet. The new collection includes World of Solitaire, World of Silver, ME Solitaire, Maya, Gitanjali Menz, Maya Bridal, Bezel and many more. | * Gitanjali notable innovation has been its dramatic breakthrough from the confines of traditional distribution of jewellery and launching of mass distribution through variety of channels. By passing the old world of neighborhoods proprietary jewellery stores, it brought its new world branded jewellery into the world of super stores and department stores, dedicated jewellery marts and chain stores supported by international certifications of scientifically tested purity and authenticity. * Gitanjali is even marketing its br anded jewellery directly by mail order catalogue Gitanjali placed its jewellery brands right into the context of the new consumer’s shopping environment of new and global branded personal goods and accessories. Gitanjali supported its brand with high-visibility positional branding in both mass and local up-market media. With this multi – tiered mobilization of formats, Gitanjali is well placed to advance and realize its vision of global leadership. GITANJALI FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE The Company is making conscientious efforts in addressing the large market opportunities that exist in the Diamond Segment both in India and abroad. India, China, Israel and Belgium are the leading players in the diamond cutting and polishing industry. India accounts for 60% of the global polished diamonds in value terms, 80% in caratage and 90% in pieces. TURNOVERS & PROFITS During the end of the financial year March 31, 2009 the sales and other income increased from 26,549. 08 Million to Rs. 26,940. 64 Million. The net profit before tax stood at Rs. 1,307. 20 million as against Rs. 1,486. 75 million in the previous year. The net profit after tax stood at Rs. 1,267. 69 million as against Rs. 1,381. 55 million in the previous year. FINANCIAL REVIEW Gitanjali Gems consolidated results of operations for the year ended March 31, 2009 include business and operations of the various subsidiaries/joint ventures. The company has achieved overall sales growth for the year ended March 31, 2009 of about 5% compared to last year. The gross revenue from diamond segment has decreased by 10% whereas the gross revenue from jewellery segment has substantially increased by 24% and thus the ratio of diamond and jewellery in the sales mix accordingly has improved more favourably towards jewellery from 55:45 last year to 47:53 for the year ended March 31, 2009. HIGHLIGHTS FOR THE YEAR 2010| * | * Jewellery Sales turnover increased by 60% to 1,098 cr. in FY10| * | * EBIDTA gone up by 44% to 102 cr. in FY10| * | * Operating Profit registered a growth of 51%, stood at 91 cr. | * | * PAT of FY10 stood at 41 cr. registering an increase of 39%| * | * Gems and Jewellery Sales volume grown to 1812 cr. reported a growth of 63%| NINE MONTHS FY10 vs. NINE MON THS  FY09 * Jewellery Sales turnover increased by  43%  to  Rs. 2703 cr. as compared to  Rs. 892 cr. in nine months period FY09 * EBIDTA gone up by  37%  to  Rs. 307 cr. from  Rs. 223 cr. in nine months period FY09 * PAT of nine months period FY10 stood at  Rs. 139 cr. as compared to Rs 120 cr. in nine months period FY09 registering an increase of  16% * Operating Profit of nine months period FY10 stood at  Rs. 283 cr. as compared to  Rs 201 cr. in nine months period FY09, registering an increase of  41% GITANJALI CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILTY (CSR) INITIATIVES AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE HUMAN RESOURCES The Company believes investing in people through creating an environment where people are valued as individuals and are given equal opportunities for achieving professional and personal goals. The Company’s focus on development of Special Economic Zones includes huge employment opportunities and the Company already initiated through setting up training centre in SEZ Hyderabad which has a capacity to train more than 1,500 workers in diamond and jewellery manufacturing. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The Company’s philosophy of Corporate Governance is based on preserving core values and ethical business conduct, commitment to maximize shareholder alue on a continuous basis while looking after the welfare of all the stakeholders which is primary responsibility of the Board of Directors, Management and employees. The Compliance of clause 49 of the listing agreement has undoubtedly raised the standard of Corporate Governance in India. However, regulatory directives and enforcement wil l not be sufficient to create a best in class transparent organisation. The corporate governance philosophy is based on the following principles: * Satisfy the spirit of the law and not just the letter of the law. Be transparent and maintain a high degree of disclosure levels. * Continuously innovate and adapt the Corporate Governance * Practices so as to meet new demands and tap new opportunities. * Comply with the laws in all the countries in which we operate. * Management is the trustee of the shareholders’ capital and not the owner. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The CSR initiative under the name Sambhav brings together the different social programs that Gitanjali has been associated with over the years. These are programs in the fields of education, health, providing employment to PWDs. It focuses on integrating all of them and other different initiatives like Saksham, Saakshar, Sujyot and Sneh. The focus will be both on strengthening the existing programs as well as developing new ones too. It further aims to take this CSR initiative to new heights and is in the process of channelizing all their strengths and efforts to form a strong CSR team within the company to encourage and promote a wide range of social welfare activities internally or in partnering with other NGOs and government bodies. SOME ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN BY GITANJALI Rose day celebration for cancer patients | Gitanjali Gems Limited supported Cancer Patients Aid Association (CPAA)   in its celebration of  The rose day  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ a  day to make a difference in the lives of cancer patients. CPAA reaches out to cancer patients through medicines, counselling, research and rehabilitation. | | * Special rakhies by special children Gitanjali gems continues to support to ADAPT (spastic society) by orga nizing a sale booth of their products at Gitanjali gems Marol office  on 11th Aug 2011,  on the eve of Rakshabandhan. We repeated the achievements of last year by motivating and appreciating the efforts of these specially abled children by having sale of products close to  Rs 10000/-. The staff was extremely enthusiastic and extended their support through 100% participation. * Presentation on ‘Diabetes awareness and healthy life style’ Today Diabetes is one of the fastest growing lifestyle disease, with Indians   being the largest population affected by it. A presentation on diabetes awareness and healthy life style was organized on 25th July 2011 at  Transmission house ,Marol , for the benefit of the employees . It indicated the causes , symptoms ,prevention and cure for diabetes. A full house attendance showed the concern most of us have about this booming disease. | * Lecture on ‘The damaging effects of tobacco’ at Gemplus| | | As a part of SAMBHAV , CSR initiative ,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Damaging Effects of Tobacco† were highlighted at a presentation made under the Tobacco Intervention Initiative (TII) program of the Indian Dental Association (IDA) for the staff and workers of   Gem plus ,Gitanjali Gems, Mumbai   on 11th June 2011 by Miss. Tejal Rajgor. Tobacco leads to heart and blood vessel disease, heart attack, chest pain, sudden cardiac death, stroke, peripheral vascular disease (Gangrene of legs) plus it is also   responsible for cancer of various parts of the body like mouth, throat, lungs, stomach, kidney, bladder etc. Gitanjali Gem’s staff members felt that there was an urgent need for more prohibition of tobacco usage and this won’t happen until there is a public outcry, so meetings like these are designed to generate awareness in the hope of making the come community forward to request change.

Morality, Behavior and Personality May Be Influenced Essay

Discuss how one’s morality, behavior and personality may be influenced by adoption of a cyber-ego in a Virtual Environment; in respect to both the person adopting the cyber-ego and any observers/participants within the same VE. When one is in a virtual environment for long, one soon becomes convinced that the cyber space world is the real world which is the turning point in his life after which everything turns against him. This virtual world that is mistaken to be the real world is a parallel world that one is in. the presence of one in the virtual world that is non–existent leads one to fall in a state is consciousness which is very different from the one in the real world. After this, one starts to think differently, act in a way one has never acted before and a lot of other things that soon do not make sense to him self either, but this is a fact that although one knows there is something wrong, one can not help it. (Johnson 2003) It becomes a part of one’s life and is difficult to get out of it. After being in a parallel universe that is all made up, there is different stimuli that then change and guides our behaviors. It is a journey which a lot of people find interesting. On their journey to no where, when they are entering the virtual world, they take along the best ethics that their religion could teach them, wonderful morals that they learnt from their parents since they were kids and the cultural ethics that they grew in since they were kids; all that is with them when they are entering the virtual world, but it is ironic that when they come out of it for something they are completely different. (Pritchard 2000) One is a completely different individual which some how loses all its values that were taught to him or her during their life span and all the ethics and morals that they learned while they were in school and all that goes deep down the drain. How the virtual world affects culture, values, morals, ethics and perception of which people are and of what the world is, changes; is what will be discussing through out this report. (Ess 2006) When one enters a virtual environment, it is a battle of what is real and what one has left behind. This is where one’s cyber ego comes into picture. In addition, Cyber ego is primarily what a person thinks of one self in a virtual environment. There is no doubt that there is a lot of artificial intelligence involved in the so called virtual environment that one enters in, but there is a problem of cyber ego that makes many individuals question themselves before entering an environment as such. The moral values are lost and this is not only true but has been experienced by many people who have made a mistake of entering a virtual environment. Talking to different people, people that one is not aware of as ever even existing before they started talking in the cyber world, it changes one’s attitude and the stimuli that one guided the person’s perception and state of emotion; this all mutate and make the individual a different person, for all wrong reasons. (Schultz 2005) There are a lot of things that have an impact on our morals and ethics. For example, the more time one spends on it, the more aggressive one gets. This aggressiveness can be because one can no more differentiate between the real world that one lives in and the virtual world that one is in most of the time of the day. This aggressiveness adds to the change in one’s attitude and hence personality. (Ess 2006) The changes in one’s attitude and personality all depends on how much one might be engrossed in cyber ego. How much one would want oneself to be a part of the virtual environment and adopt cyber ego is the question that will also answer how much a person changes and becomes a truly different person that one was not. It is the difference of decisions that one makes that leads one towards developing a cyber ego being unhealthy to an extent that it would drive the life long morals and ethics out of the person and make one a totally different person. Having this said, it is of utter concern of as to how the changes take place. Some claim that the fact that hours and hours of the week are spent in front of the computer screens being in a world that is non existent. Having a personality that is not the personality the person has in the real world, and faking that personality to be the real one; if so is done for hours, every single day of the week for months or even years, yes there will be a drastic change in what one believes and what one perceives. (George 2003) This will soon be followed by the changes in the person’s emotions towards different things in life, whether it is with family or friends or other loved ones. The emotions at times are not stimulated, because the person is so engrossed with something and being completely some one else that it soon loses the charm of the stimulation that it got from various stimuli from the environment that stirred the person to either be someone or to achieve something in life. After all this happening everyday there is no way one will not be stoic and indifferent to various activities going around it. (Rosinski 2007) Ever person has a threshold, to go beyond the threshold of a human being is par a normal human’s limit. This threshold although does stop the person from being someone that the person is not, but ultimately becomes so. In this journey of being some one, one is not in the virtual world is cyber ego and creates a totally different person with a completely different personality and lastly with distorted morals and ethics. (Francis 1996) Up till now in the essay, the affect of cyber ego on people who adapt the virtual environment had been discussed, but now the observer’s part of the thesis will be discussed. When a person adopts and gets used to of being in the virtual environment, one has a very different personality inside the virtual world. This personality and morals that one supposedly has is entirely and completely different than that of the real world. While people are observing the same person through out, they get a very different person outside the virtual world. Although if the same talk is held in the cyber environment, the person is said to have morals, ethics and cultural values – almost all of which go against the ones that the person has in the real world – people would not really know the difference. The question that a lot of the people adapting such habits as to being a completely and totally different person over the internet is said to be something that one should not be proud of. Although research tells us that it is in their hands to choose to be who they want to be while in the cyber environment. On the contrary, they can not be blamed to have a different personality and morals. (Pritchard 2000) Every person wants to be on the top of the world; having the perfect car, the perfect life, the perfect family, the perfect job and who does not want to be a millionaire. If not this, a person might portray one self to be something that one has always wanted to be in the real world. The reason being it is that people can not be that person in reality; things are not as easy as they seem to be. Saying that one wants to be a surgeon, is not that easy, one has to have the spirit, the ambition, the money to get in to a medical college, and a lot of other things too that come with it. (Schultz 2005) One can portray to be who ever one wants, with all the goodies of the world – only in the virtual world. People start lying, adapt cyber ego, and become totally different individuals. There is no reason why this fake personality would not affect the real world personality. Not only do the observers and other users of the virtual environment notice some cues, well the other users are doing the same too, hence they tend to pick up cues that way too, but the others out side this made up world notice changes in the individual as well. One of the changes that are quite prominent is aggressiveness. (George 2003) The idea of having different personality and morals in the virtual environment is for them to get internal happiness that they might not be getting in the real world. The reason why the world that people live in is so called the real world and the world that people adapt to and live in is so called the virtual world, is because the so called real world is so different from the world that people want to live in. The virtual world is all made up and completely fake and people get the easy way out by pretending to have things they do not possess and being some one they are not. They wish to see themselves as being worthy of such happiness and success. And regardless of the fact that they succeed in real life in it or not, in the virtual world they are successful. This gives them internal happiness and strength, on one hand it pushes them to spend more time in the virtual environment and portray them to be successful and on the other hand, they become more stable, emotionally. (Rosinski 2007) An individual is completely different which some how makes one lose all its values that were taught to him or her during their life span and all the ethics and morals that they learned while they were in school and all that goes deep down the drain. How the virtual world affects our culture, values, morals, ethics and perception of which we are is important to understand. (Francis 1996) People in the virtual environment and outside it are great observers, they pick up cues better when they them selves are involved in the same activities, hence observing the same person through out the time that they have been in touch, and they get a very different person outside the virtual world. Although if the same talk is held in the cyber environment, the person is said to have morals, ethics and cultural values – almost all of which go against the ones that the person has in the real world – people would not really know the difference. The question that a lot of the people adapting such habits as to being a completely and totally different person over the internet is said to be something that one should not be proud of. Although research tells us that it is in their hands to choose to be who they want to be while in the cyber environment. On the contrary, they can not be blamed to have a different personality and morals. (Pritchard 2000) After being in a parallel universe that is all made up by people in the virtual environment, there is different stimuli that then change and guides behaviors of people adapting cyber ego in the virtual environment. It is a journey which a lot of people find interesting and the reasons of as to why they might find it interesting have been discussed above. (Brown 2006) On their journey to no where, when they are entering the virtual world, they take along the best ethics that their religion could teach them, wonderful morals that they learnt from their parents since they were kids and the cultural ethics that they grew in since they were kids; all that is with them when they are entering the virtual world, but it is ironic that when they come out of it for something they are completely different. (Schultz 2005) To conclude what has been discussed earlier, we know that the adoption of cyber ego over the internet and in the virtual environment has negative affects on personality, behavior, ethics, morals and cultural values. There are various reasons of as to why people would want to adapt this virtual environment and would want to be a part of it. The idea of having a different personality and unusual morals in the virtual environment is for them to get internal happiness that they might not be getting in the real world. Then the real world and the virtual worlds were defined. The reason why the world that people live in is so called the real world and the world that people adapt to and live in is so called the virtual world, is because the so called real world is so different from the world that people want to live in. (George 2003) The virtual world is all made up and completely fake and people get the easy way out by pretending to have things they do not possess and being some one they are not. They wish to see themselves as being worthy of such happiness and success. (Brown 2006) Regardless of the fact that they succeed in real life in it or not, in the virtual world they are successful. This gives them internal happiness and strength. One can portray to be who ever one wants, with all the goodies of the world – only in the virtual world. People start lying, adapt cyber ego, and become totally different individuals. There is no reason why this fake personality would not affect the real world personality. On one hand it pushes them to spend more time in the virtual environment and portray them to be successful and on the other hand, they become more stable, emotionally and mentally too. Although this adaptation of cyber ego has its negative impacts on behavior and how one portrays one self to be, but it also affects the cultural values that one beholds. The morals and ethics that are affected go with it too. (Johnson 2003) Reference List Brennan , L. L. & Johnson, V. 2003, Social, Ethical and Policy Implications of Information Technology; Information Science Publishing, [E-Book], available at: http://books. google. com/books? id=n3D4qihAsTcC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0 [Accessed 8 June 2008] Brown, J. 2006, Virtual reality and its role in removing the barriers that turn cognitive impairments into intellectual disability, Virtual Reality, [online], available at: http://www. proquest. com/ [accessed June 18, 2008] De George, R. T. 2003, the Ethics of Information Technology and Business (Foundations of Business Ethics), Wiley-Blackwell, [online], Available at: http://books. google. ae/books? id=pDs3b2R8qaEC&printsec=frontcover&hl=en&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA284,M1 [Accessed 8 June 2008] Francis, F. 1996, Trust still counts in a virtual world, Forbes, New York, [online], Available at: http://proquest.umi. com. ezproxy. uow. edu. au:2048/pqdweb? did=10450037&sid=15&Fmt=3&clientId=20901&RQT=309&VName=PQD [accessed June 14, 2008] Hongladaram, S & Ess, C. 2006, Information Technology Ethics: Cultural Perspectives, IGI Global, [online], Available at: http://www. capurro. de/hongladarom. html [Accessed 10 June 2008] Pritchard, D. 2000, Holding the Media Accountable: Citizens, Ethics, and the Law, Indiana University Press, [online], Available at: http://books. google. com/books? id=sAJ3A7jVCVMC&rview=1 [Accessed 10 June 2008]

Entertainment in the Guilded Age essays

Entertainment in the Guilded Age essays The Theater- the antebellum theaters were large and crowded by all classes. With seats as cheap as 12 cents and rarely more than 50 cents, the typical theater audience included lawyers and merchants, and their wives, artisans and clerks, sailors and noisy boys, and a sizeable body of prostitutes. The prostitutes usually sat in the top balcony seats, called the third tier, ...that dark, horrible, guilty place... The prostitutes in attendance were not the only factor that made the antebellum theater vaguely disreputable. Theatrical audiences were notoriously rowdy. Edwin Forrest and the popular British actor William Macreadys feud ended with a riot at New York Citys Astor Place that left twenty people dead. The Astor Place riot demonstrated the broad popularity of the antebellum theater. The plays themselves were as diverse as the audiences. Most often performed were melodramas, whose plots resembled those of sentimental novels. Vise was punished, virtue rewarded, and the heroine final ly married the hero. The producers of the plays arranged for short performances or demonstrations between the acts of the most famous play write, William Shakespeare. During such an interlude, the audience would have observed perhaps a brief impersonation of Tecumseh or Aaron Burr, jugglers and acrobats, and drummer beating 12 drums at once, or a three-year old weighing a hundred pounds. The Minstrel Shows- Minstrel shows arose in northern cities in the 1840s, as blackfaced white men took to the stage to present an evening of songs, dances, and humorous sketches. Minstrelsy borrowed some authentic elements of African-American culture, especially dances characterized by the sliding, shuffling step of southern blacks, but most of the songs had origins in white culture. P. T. Barnum- after moving to New York City in 18, Barnum started a new career as an entrepreneur of popular entertainment His first venture exhibited a black woma ...

Daltons Law of Partial Pressures - Worked Problem

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures - Worked Problem Daltons Law of Partial Pressures, or Daltons Law, states that the total pressure of a gas in a container is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases in the container. Here is a worked example problem showing how to use Daltons Law to calculate the pressure of a gas. Review Dalton's Law Daltons Law of Partial Pressures is a gas law that can be stated: Ptotal P1 P2 P3 ... Pn where P1, P2, P3, Pn are the partial pressures of the individual gases in the mixture. Example Dalton's Law Calculation The pressure of a mixture of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen is 150 kPa. What is the partial pressure of oxygen if the partial pressures of the nitrogen and carbon dioxide are 100 kPA and 24 kPa, respectively? For this example, you can simply plug the numbers into the equation and solve for the unknown quantity. P Pnitrogen Pcarbon dioxide Poxygen 150 kPa 100 kPa 24 kPa Poxygen Poxygen 150 kPa - 100 kPa - 24 kPa Poxygen 26 kPa Check your work. Its a good idea to add up the partial pressure to make sure the sum is the total pressure!

WORKING cAPITAL Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

WORKING cAPITAL - Case Study Example m, so it not only shows a poor condition of accounts receivable turnover but is also effecting the overall profitability of the firm, that’s why it is a matter of concern to the board of directors. Yes they are very much justified in their demand for tighter credit policy, because current loose credit policy is affecting overall profitability of the firm, so in order to meet overall strategic goals of the firm tighter credit policy is now necessary for the firm. Calculate the cost of foregoing the 2% cash discount offered under the 2/10 net 30 and 2/10 and net 60 terms respectively. Given that most retailers could take short term loans from banks at a rate of 16% or less, evaluate the attractiveness of each policy. It means that cost of foregoing cash discount is 37.24% which is much more than the cost of borrowing funds from bank i.e. 16% so it is much attractive for the customers to avail cash discount under 2/10 and net 30 policy. To speed up collections and reduce receivables, company can use collection specialists; accounts receivable management software and can adopt the policy of imposing penalties and charging interest for late payment. This slow buildup in accounts receivable have occurred due to extremely liberal credit policy that has been in place. As all of the customers were allowed a 60 days credit term without any proper credit evaluation and proper terms. Moreover, neither any penalty was imposed for late payment nor any discount was offered for timely payment. Develop the pro forma financial statements for the company under the two credit policy alternatives, i. e. 2/ 10, net 60; and 2/ 10 net 30 using the assumptions given. What would be the impact on the firms return on sales, return on investment, and return on

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Job Cover Letter - Essay Example Having handled mostly managerial positions, I have developed the skill in influencing people, making short-term decisions which is in line with the long-term strategy of the business organization, manage people, and ensure the efficient operation of the unit. As a person, I have an ardent commitment to excel in everything I do and the motivation to give my very best. I believe that my acquired skill from my disciplines together with my previous experiences satisfy the minimum requirements of the job. However, I am also very willing to learn and gain the knowledge and skills which are required to be most efficient. I am confident that I am qualified for the position and can make significant contributions to the continued success of your organization. I am very willing to furnish you with any additional information in order to pursue my application. For further queries, please contact me anytime. I will also be calling after three days to follow up my application.

The Conglomerates, the Lovers, the Spies and the Outcast Essay

The Conglomerates, the Lovers, the Spies and the Outcast - Essay Example The conglomerates arrange parties, treats and keep looking for occasions of celebration. They are life long friends. They may go to different places after school, yet call one another daily. Mostly, they land in the same profession and in the same country.The lovers are groups of two. A third one is not allowed. The two are inseparable. Their academic performance may differ significantly. Lovers may have different interests, but they are attached emotionally. Many lovers are totally opposite to each other in nature, yet they make a perfect match. The effect is magnetic, just like north and south poles of the magnet attract each other. The lovers remain together full time at the school and frequently meet each other outside as well. In class jokes, the lovers are referred to as gays, but the lovers don’t care. However, their future is quite unexpected. Usually, people expect lovers to be life-long friends, just like conglomerates, but it hardly ever happens. Most lovers depart after the school is over, never to see each other again.The spies are individuals. They have no association with any group, but their social skills are quite enhanced. They survive individually. Spies have good oratory skills, so make excellent part-time friends. They have no permanent friend. One day, they can be seen with one person, the next day with another. They offer a temporary company. People suspect the spies whenever their secrets leak out. They are generally the most untrustworthy and at the same time, they are the most interesting class-mates around. The spies are witty and cunning.The outcast is also individuals, but with very poor social skills. They are not allowed entry into any group. They are hated and mocked. The outcast are objects of fun for others. The outcast fear the class-mates and hardly ever raise their voice against the injustice they are offered. They kill the time sitting around a corner in the classroom. Surprisingly, many outcast class-mates are excep tionally good in studies, perhaps because they seek refuge in books. The outcast have the most boring personalities and can’t handle mockery.  

Intervention: Drug Abuse Among Adolescents

Intervention: Drug Abuse Among Adolescents This paper states the definition and main risk factors of drug abuse at first. Then, it reviews the three models for drug abuse prevention, including information model, affective model and social influence model. It also mentioned chemical treatments and psychological treatments of drug abuse. There are some comments on the psychological treatments. The author brings up some prevention and intervention plans of adolescents drug abuse in the last part. Keywords: drug abuse, adolescents, prevention and intervention Introduction What is drug abuse? There are many definitions of it. Usually, common people think that taking drugs can satisfy persons desire of happiness. Just as Miller (1995) states Drug abuse implies willful, improper use due to an underlying disorder or a quest for hedonistic or immoral pleasure  ¼Ã‹â€ p. 10 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. Actually, it includes many aspects not only social values but also scientific view and not only physical reasons but also psychological elements. So the definition of drug abuse typically refers to 4 dimensions, including the nonmedical use of a substance, altering the mental state, a manner that is detrimental to the individual or the community and illegality (Abadinsky, 2001). Papalia, Olds and Feldman (2009) define substance dependence as physical addiction or psychological addition or both to a harmful substance. If an adolescent has drug abuse, the abuse can lead to substance dependence, or addiction, which may be physiological, psychological, or both and is likely to continue into adulthood (Papalia et al., 2009, p. 366). Addictive drugs have particularly high risk for adolescents as they stimulate parts of the developing brains of adolescents (Chambers, Taylor Potenza, 2003). As economic developing, the drug-taking situation of adolescents is not getting better. According to the World Drug Report 2010 (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime [UNODC], 2010), drug use has stabilized in the developed world, however, there are signs of an increase in drug use in developing countries and growing abuse of amphetamine-type stimulants and prescription drugs around the world. From 2004 to 2009, the number of drug-taking people who was under 21 years old was increased by more than 50% in Hong Kong (Zhu, 2010). What are the risk factors for drug abuse of adolescents? There are 4 kinds of common risk factors ¼Ã…’including Psychosocial Factors  ¼Ã‹â€ Low Self-esteem, Depression and Suicide ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °, Family Factors (Low Familism, Family Substance Abuse Problems and Parent Smoking), Peer Factors (Perceived Peer Approval and Perceived Peer Use) and Deviance Factors (Disposition to Deviance and Delinquent Behavior) (Vega Gil, 1998). It cannot easily say which fa ctor is the most important one. It depends on the situations those different adolescent experiences. Three Models for Drug Abuse Prevention Drug abuse prevention aimed at reducing the supply or the demand for drugs of abuse (Abadinsky, 2001). There are three models (Ellickson, 1995) that focused on schools and school-based antidrug programs, including information model, affective model and social influence model. Information Model Adolescents can probably avoid drugs, if they comprehend their potential hazards, so this model mainly aimed at giving information. The information model posits a causal sequence leading from knowledge (about drugs) to attitude change (negative) to behavior change (nonuse) (Ellickson, 1995, p. 100). Sometimes the shock or scare is needed in this model, such as hard hitting antidrug videos, talks by ex-junkies, or TV and billboard campaigns that show the scared situation of drug use (Cohen, 1996). This model primarily focuses on the educational approach. It was supposed that students can make rational decisions to keep away from drugs because of increasing knowledge (Abadinsky, 2001). Through information model, adolescents can have a correct and renewed awareness of drug abuse. Affective Model This model pays more attention on individuals themselves and their personality. The model assumes that adolescents who turn to drugs do so because of problems within themselves-low self-esteem or inadequate personal skills in communication and decision making (Ellickson, 1995, p. 101). This model has an attempt at improving a students self-image, ability to interact within a group and problem-solving ability, and concentrates on feelings, values, and self-awareness, and sometimes on personal values and choices (Abadinsky, 2001). These assumptions are generally implemented through communication training, peer counseling, role playing and assertiveness training (Abadinsky, 2001, p. 232). Using affective model, adolescents can strengthen their confidence, improve competency of dealing with incidents and have correct value judgment. Social Influence Model This model more focuses on decision-making. The social influence model is centered on external influences that push students toward drug use, especially peer pressure, as well as internal influences, such as the desire to be accepted by the crowd' (Abadinsky, 2001, p. 229). There are two targets that need to achieve via social influence model. Firstly this model aims to let adolescent to have the awareness of the peer pressures that they are experiencing and secondly to improve their resistance skills for saying no under stress (Abadinsky, 2001). Treatments for Drug Abuse There are two main aspects of drug abuse treatments, including chemical treatments and psychological treatments. According to the classification of Abadinsky (2001), chemical treatments contain opioid antagonists, chemicals for detoxification, opioid agonists, chemical responses to cocaine abuse and CRF antagonists. Abadinsky (2001) also mentions that psychological treatments include a psychoanalytic approach, behavior modification and group treatment. Due to the needs of study and the limit of professional knowledge ¼Ã…’this paper mainly focuses on the psychological aspects. Firstly ¼Ã…’let us look at the psychoanalytic approach. This approach is very professional and high cost. It is very complicated and difficult to control for social workers. It does not have universality and potential replication. This approach usually applies in some special and serious cases. Then we move on to the behavior modification. There are 4 primary kinds of behavior modification, such as aversion treatment, social learning theory approach, cognitive learning theory approach and contingency management and contingency contracting (Abadinsky, 2001). Although the success rate of aversion treatment is high, it is a kind of compulsive and inhuman therapeutic method, especially for adolescents, no matter in physical or mental sides. This treatment addresses the symptoms, not the cause. Abusers will take drugs again when the aversion conditioned ref lex starts to weaken. Contingency management and contingency contracting is outside the scope of this papers inquiry. Social learning theory approach and cognitive learning theory approach are referred below. Group treatment is very useful and widespread. It is often used by social workers. Prevention and intervention plan of adolescents drug abuse There are three dimensions of prevention and intervention plan in this paper. They are macro level, mezzo level and micro level. Macro level This level is more about prevention plan. According to the Information Model (Ellickson, 1995), it needs at least tripartite efforts, including school, community and school. School. Schools should enhance the education of drug abuse and the drug abuses hazards, not only verbal and written forms, but also some other lively forms, such as movies and activities. I think the movie Crimson Jade is very shocked one. Maybe schools can find more movies of this kind to show to adolescents. If they know the fearful consequences of drug abuse, they will want to take drugs less. Community. Actually communities perform a very similar role with schools for the prevention of adolescents. But another thing that communities should pay special attention to is about adolescents family situation, especially for the adolescents whose parents have substance abuse problems. Media. Mass media should play a positive and active role in prevention of adolescents drug abuse. Some programmes that focus on drug abuse should be shown regularly. And ground-breaking visual public service advertising of drug abuse should show on TV, newspaper, Internet, even billboard everywhere. Social influence model (Ellickson, 1995) can be also used in macro level. Schools can make many lectures to let students know that they are all under peer pressures and organize some activities to teach students to develop resistance skills for drug abuse. Mezzo level Mezzo level contains prevention plan and intervention plan. It is more about group work. Group approach is that stimulation toward improvement arises from net work of interpersonal influences in which all members participate (Northern, 1969, p. 52). Group work is one of the most common work methods for social workers. Prevention plan of mezzo level. The prevention plan concentrates on affective model. Referring to affective model (Ellickson, 1995), adolescents are divided into groups to do some counseling and training about affective skills (communication, decision making, self-assertion) believed related to drug use (Abadinsky, 2001). The counseling and training need the participation of social workers. In this kind of group, social workers should pay special attention to those adolescents who do not want to talk. Intervention plan of macro level. This intervention plan focuses on group treatment. Due to social workers may not have drug-taking experience, group treatment can make adolescent clients feel more willing to communicate and peer interaction is more powerful (Abadinsky, 2001). In addition, some problematic interpersonal acts will appear in a group (Flores, 1988). Using group treatment, adolescents of drug abuse can share and identify with others who are going through similar problems; understand their own attitudes about addiction and defenses in others; and learn to communicate needs and feelings more directly (Flores, 1988, p. 7). Adolescents really need the support from others. Social workers should pay special attention to extreme clients who are not appropriate with group treatment and social workers should ensure a suitable scale of different groups. Micro level Micro level more concerns on adolescent abusers themselves and their surroundings. There are two useful intervention approaches with this level one is social learning theory approach and the other one is cognitive learning theory approach. Social learning theory approach. Abadinsky (2001) identifies social learning theory as a variant of behaviorism focuses on cognitive meditational processes and people are active participants in their operant conditioning processes-they determine what is and what is not reinforcing (p. 205). Actually there are many reasons behind the adolescents who have drug abuse. Maybe there are some problems with their families, their school performance, their interpersonal communication and bodies suffering. Social workers must pay more attention to the reasons behind the drug abuse of adolescents and give more patience. So in this intervention, social workers should follow three steps. The first step is to understand why patients may be more likely to use in a given situation and to understand the role that drugs play in their lives (Abadinsky, 2001, p. 205). The second step is to help patients develop meaningful alternative reinforcers to drug abuse, that is, other activities and involvements ( relationships, work and hobbies) (Abadinsky, 2001, p. 205). The third step is to make a detailed examination of the consequences for adolescent clients to test whether their drug abuse reduces (Abadinsky, 2001). Social workers should try their best to find the root causes of adolescents drug abuse and cope with them. This approach focuses on the surroundings of adolescent abusers. Cognitive learning theory approach. This approach emphasizes the awareness of positive and negative consequences of drug abuse for adolescents themselves and the arrangements before taking drugs (Abadinsky, 2001). Social workers can ask adolescent abusers to write a dairy of their drug abuse that includes the situations when they use drugs and the consequences after they use drugs. Social workers ought to inspire clients to review their worst experience with drug abuse and think more about the bad impact of taking drugs. This kind of scare tactic can delay the period before taking drugs. Then social workers also need to teach adolescent abusers a set of relax skills to improve their tension. This approach focuses on adolescent abusers themselves and relies on their own awareness to reduce drug abuse. Drug abuse of adolescents is really a vicious spiral and a long-term repeated process. It needs not only the social workers and adolescent abusers efforts, but also their families, friends, other relevant persons and the whole societys efforts.

The International Civil Aviation Organization :: essays research papers

The International Civil Aviation Organization Origin, Objectives and Achievements Introduction: Civil aviation is a powerful force for progress in our modern global society. It creates and supports millions of jobs worldwide. It forms part of the economic lifeline of many countries. It is a catalyst for travel and tourism, the world's largest industry. Beyond economics, air transport enriches the social and cultural fabric of society and contributes to the attainment of peace and prosperity throughout the world. Therefore, providing a cohesive, global form of organization for such activities is essential in ensuring their quality, stability and effectiveness. The International Civil Aviation Organization: I- Definition: The International Civil Aviation Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations, whose mandate is to ensure the efficient, safe and orderly evolution of international civil aviation. II- Origin: The International Civil Aviation Organization was first established in Chicago, U.S in December 1941, in the Convention on International Civil Aviation, which also formed its charter. The convention, also known as the Chicago convention, established rules of airspace, airplane registration and safety, and details the rights of the signatories in relation to air travel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The charter document was signed on December 7, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois by 52 signatory states. It received the requisite 26th ratification on March 5, 1947 and went into effect on April 4, 1947. The convention has since been revised seven times (in 1959, 1963, 1969, 1975, 1980, 1997, and 2000). The convention states that the organization is made up of an Assembly, a Council and a Secretariat. The chief officers are the President of the Council and the Secretary General.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Assembly, composed of representatives from all Contracting States, is the sovereign body of ICAO. It meets every three years †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reviews in detail the work of the Organization. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sets policy for the coming years and establishes a triennial budget. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elects the Council, the governing body for a three-year term.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Council is composed of members from 33 States who maintain their offices and conduct their business at the ICAO Headquarters. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adopts Standards and Recommended Practices and incorporates them as Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gives continuing direction to the work of ICAO. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Develops Standards, with the assistance of: The Air Navigation Commission in technical matters. The Air Transport Committee in economic matters. The Committee on Unlawful Interference in aviation security matters. A Standard: Is any specification for physical characteristics, configuration, material, performance, personnel or procedure, which is recognized as necessary for the safety or regularity of international air navigation .